16 INSTRUMENTATION As indicated above, series of instruments were used, which are briefly described below. 1. Self-Reporting Questionnaire(SRQ-20): This 20 item psychiatric screening instrument was developed by the World Health Organisation during a multi-centre collaborative study (51). Since then it has been widely used throughout the world, and the reliability and validity of the instrument has been well-researched. The SRQ-20 has been widely used in Africa and Zimbabwe (47), and several local studies have used the instrument (36,46,52). The use of the instrument has been systematised into a manualised approach for primary care nurses (5356). 2. Violence Battery: This instrument was designed by AMANI for the use of primary care and community-based staff. It is based on previous work done elsewhere (20), and consists of three structured interview forms. A manual detailing the use of these forms and the assessment of victims of torture and organised violence has been prepared for health and community workers (57). The first of these forms, the Present Health Status form, covers brief questions about past medical history, and 22 questions about current symptoms. The second of the forms, the History of Experience of Violence, covers the person's experiences with organised violence, and involves detailed questions about the forms of violence, including witnessing of violence and disappearances. A detailed narrative history of the violence is also obtained from the victim. The third form, which should be completed by a medical practitioner, involves a medical examination of the patient, looking for the sequelae of the violence. In practice, this form was rarely used, and the data collected using this form are not reported here.