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As regards the types of trauma reported, it can be seen from Table 2 above that significant numbers reported physical
and psychological torture. Although beatings, verbal abuse and threats were the most frequent forms of torture
reported, other forms of torture were not uncommon, but not as common as in a community sample (5-6). Witnessing
of organised violence was very common, and, this corroborates the view that indirect trauma is an important cause of
post traumatic disorders. As pointed out above, indirect trauma was frequently reported as the witnessing of deaths
and injuries during attacks on camps in Mozambique.
The injuries reported were very variable, with some reporting serious and handicapping conditions, whilst most reported
relatively minor physical injuries. The injuries were not experienced as minor, however, and the veterans were both
preoccupied by their injuries and expressed considerable concern over the ways in which these injuries affected their
lives. A fair number (21%) reported having experienced psychological problems in the past.
In addition to the injuries sustained by these veterans, there was a high percentage reporting experiences of organised
violence and disappearances in their family members. The effects on the wider family are important, and suggest that a
narrow focus on the veterans alone may not address the rehabilitation needs of this group. In particular, the effects of
disappearances may be a significant factor in maintaining psychological disorder.
Overall, the data on the experience of organised violence suggest a group with a significant history of human rights
violations, many having multiple experiences as well as other family members with similar experiences. This will have
decided consequences for rehabilitation.
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