reports, there was reference to cases of torture allegedly perpetrated by the Zimbabwe Republic Police, as well as by the CIO and the army.43 In 2003, the Solidarity Peace Trust reported on a number of cases of torture by thee police in connection with the peaceful protests taking place in Bulawayo against the holding of a World Cup Cricket match.44 Again in 2003, the Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition reported on cases of torture involving both the police and the army, both separately and together, in the aftermath of the stay-aways in March 2003.45 Involvement of army and other agencies There are some court cases in which the court has found that army personnel have been involved in the use of torture. The most notorious of these was the case involving the use of torture against two journalists in 1999.46 The journalists were removed from police custody and taken to another location where they were subjected to torture. Court orders for the release from military custody were initially ignored in this case. Nearly a year after the incident a case was brought in the Supreme Court to try to force the police to investigate the journalists’ allegations of torture and to bring to justice those responsible.47 The Supreme Court found that the police had conspicuously failed to carry out any meaningful investigations into the complaints of torture and this had violated the complainants’ constitutional rights to protection of the law. The court ordered the Commissioner of Police “forthwith” to conduct a comprehensive and diligent investigation of the alleged offences. Up to the present, however, nothing appears to have been done to comply with this court order. In January 2003 an MDC MP Job Sikhala and his lawyer Gabriel Shumba were brutally tortured. This received wide international condemnation as it was seen as a direct attack both on the parliamentary opposition as well as on civil society, Shumba being a full-time human rights 43 44 45 46 47 See, for example, Amani (2002), Organised Violence and Torture in the June 2000 General Election in Zimbabwe, HARARE: AMANI TRUST; Amani (2002), Beating your opposition. Torture during the 2002 Presidential campaign in Zimbabwe, HARARE: AMANI TRUST; See Solidarity Peace Trust (2003), Peaceful protest and police torture in Bulawayo. South African & Zimbabwe: Solidarity Peace Trust. See Organised Violence and Torture in Zimbabwe from 20 to 24 March 2003 . Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition. 31 March 2003. See Wilson v Minister of Defence and Others 1999 (1) ZLR 144 (H); Chavunduka and Another v Commissioner of Police and Another 2000 (1) ZLR 418 (S); Chavunduka and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Another 2000 (1) ZLR 552 (S). The judgment in the case is reported as Chavunduka & Anor v Commissioner of Police & Anor 2000 (1) ZLR 418 (S). Who guards the guards? Violations by the Zimbabwe Republic Police, 2000 to 2006