after his return on 27 November, Piki sought audience with the Commission of Inquiry to go ahead with giving his testimony. But his request was declined with the officers of the Kgalema Mothlanthe-led probe team indicating that they had completed hearing evidence from all witnesses. Human rights campaigners among them Itai Dzamara, Patrick Nabanyama and Paul Chizuze remain missing and unaccounted for after they were subjected to enforced disappearances several years ago. Warren Park from 1 to 7 August. The soldiers accused many of the victims of participating in the 1 August opposition-led protests. A local NGO reported that from January to June, 23 victims of organized violence and torture sought assistance after security agents found them mining illegally at the Chiadzwa diamond mine in Manicaland Province. Victims reported that security forces detained them at torture bases, beat them with sticks, kicked them, and sometimes allowed security dogs to attack them. Extra-Judicial Killings Freedom of Movement There were two reported incidents of the government or its agents committing arbitrary or unlawful killings. On 1 August 2018, the military killed six unarmed protestors when it responded to an opposition-led election related demonstration in Harare’s CBD. A seventh individual died from injuries related to the protests. The police killed two civilians on 22 February while enforcing a ban on vendors and unlicensed taxi drivers in Harare. By year’s end there were no arrests or charges of members of the security forces related to these cases. In May, the Registrar-General Tobaiwa Mudede was ordered by High Court judge Justice Thompson Mabhikwa, to issue an emergency passport to 79-year-old Emmah Gireya who urgently required to travel to Namibia for specialist treatment within 48 hours. Gireya was born in Zimbabwe to parents of Mozambican origin, and the Registrar-General office refused to issue her the document, demanding $5 000 for renewal of her citizenship which they believed had expired. In September, previously exiled freelance journalist Violet Gonda approached the High Court after the RegistrarGeneral’s office refused to issue her with a passport because she was blacklisted by the government. Gonda has not been charged or convicted of any offence to justify placing her on a restriction list, and in any event, her Zimbabwean citizenship could not be revoked or lost under any circumstances whatsoever. Registrar-General Tobaiwa Mudede later conceded that his officers erred by refusing to grant a passport to Gonda, stating that Gonda faced some “administrative problems” with a junior officer and should have “escalated” her issue to a senior person in his office. Torture Torture by the security forces remained a mainstay of government’s abuse of human rights. Individuals who were arrested were assaulted in custody, or at the point of arrest. This included psychological torture. According to one NGO, from January through August, 367 victims of organised violence and torture sought medical treatment and counselling after sustaining injuries in multiple incidents across the country. The NGO reported that ZANU-PF supporters committed 35% of the violations, ZRP committed 31%, and the army committed 22%. Most of the cases, about 39%, occurred in Harare. Over 51% of the victims were associated with the opposition MDC Alliance, while about 10% were associated with other smaller independent political parties. Over 39% did not indicate their political affiliation. Identity and Citizenship The provisions dealing with citizenship in the Constitution are sections 36 (citizenship by birth, section 37 (citizenship by descent), section 38 (citizenship by registration) and section 43 which grants citizenship to people who were born in Zimbabwe before 22 May 2013 and were ordinarily resident in Zimbabwe, and when they were born both their parents were not Zimbabwean citizens and were citizens of countries that belong to the Southern African According to the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) and local NGOs, uniformed soldiers systematically assaulted civilians in the Harare CBD and suburbs of Chitungwiza, Highfield, Kuwadzana, Seke, and 30 STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ZIMBABWE 2018