CRS-25 The World Bank and the IMF have developed strategies for Zimbabwe’s economic recovery, but the IMF suggests that liberalizing the foreign exchange rate will require careful management. Given the need to cut government spending to reduce the government deficit, significant donor assistance will be required to rebuild the public health sector, which according to reports may have lost as much as 80 percent of its skilled workforce. Reviving the country’s agriculture industry will require delicate handling to address historical grievances against white Zimbabweans regarding land distribution and tenure105 Congress authorized $20 million in its ZDERA legislation for land reform assistance for FY2002, and some analysts suggest this level of annual assistance may still be appropriate.106 Accountability and Reform. The inability of the country’s judicial system to protect its citizens or their property, or to provide due process to those seeking remedy or compensation, suggests a fundamental crisis in the implementation of the rule of law in Zimbabwe. Analysts suggest that the country will require significant judicial and security sector reforms as part of larger constitutional reforms. The people of Zimbabwe will also have to determine what level of accountability they may seek, not only for recent political violence, but for historical grievances and alleged official corruption under the Mugabe Administration. Tsvangirai has proposed the creation of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission similar to that of South Africa, “striking a healthy balance between reconciliation and accountability.”107 He has offered Mugabe “an honorable exit as... father of the nation,” but it is unlikely that such an offer will be extended to all senior security officials implicated in acts of violence.108 Mugabe and other senior officials, however, may resist a negotiated peaceful exit from power if they fear subsequent prosecution, as occurred with the former presidents of Liberia, Chad, and Zambia.109 105 The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has suggested that raising the yields of communal farming areas, which compose almost 50 percent of Zimbabwe’s land, could guarantee its food security. The country’s annual maize requirement for human consumption is estimated at 1.4 million metric tons. The FAO estimates that a $50 million investment annually for three years to train farmers and provide seeds and fertilizer would significantly increase yields and cost less than what Zimbabwe now pays to import food. See “Zimbabwe: Small Scale Farmers Seen as Backbone of Food Security,” IRIN, May 15, 2008. 106 Gavin, Planning for Post-Mugabe Zimbabwe, Council on Foreign Relations Special Report No. 31, October 2007. 107 Morgan Tsvangirai, “Freedom for Zimbabwe,”The Wall Street Journal, March 21, 2008. 108 “Zimbabwe Opposition Seeks Peacekeepers for Run-off,” Reuters, May 11, 2008. 109 Former Liberian President Charles Taylor now faces war crimes charges before the Special Court for Sierra Leone at the Hague; former Chadian President Hissan Habre is expected to be tried in Senegal for human rights abuses committed by his regime; and former Zambian President Frederick Chiluba is on trial in Zambia for corruption.