(ii) if the association is controlled or governed by a committee or other similar governing body, this subsection shall not apply so as to render criminally liable any person who was not at the time of the conduct a member of that committee or other body. (5) A person who is criminally liable for any conduct in terms of subsection (3) or (4) shall be liable to be prosecuted and punished personally for the crime concerned. (6) This section shall not limit any other law which imposes criminal liability upon corporate bodies and associations and their directors, employees and members. 278 Relation of criminal to civil or disciplinary proceedings (1) In this section “disciplinary proceedings” means any proceedings for misconduct or breach of discipline against a public officer or member of a disciplined force or a statutory professional body, or against any other person for the discipline of whom provision is made by or under any enactment; “disciplined force” means (a) the Defence Forces; or (b) the Police Force; or (c) the Prison Service; or (d) any other force organised by the State which has as its sole or main object the preservation of public security and of law and order in Zimbabwe; “public officer” has the meaning given to that term in section one hundred and sixty-nine. (2) A conviction or acquittal in respect of any crime shall not bar civil or disciplinary proceedings in relation to any conduct constituting the crime at the instance of any person who has suffered loss or injury in consequence of the conduct or at the instance of the relevant disciplinary authority, as the case may be. (3) Civil or disciplinary proceedings in relation to any conduct that constitutes a crime may, without prejudice to the prosecution of any criminal proceedings in respect of the same conduct, be instituted at any time before or after the commencement of such criminal proceedings. 279 Concurrent and alternative charges In this Code the use of the word (a) “concurrently”, whether in the phrase “concurrently or alternatively” or on its own in relation to the charging of a person with two or more crimes, means that the person may be charged with both or all of those crimes either conjunctively or, if for any reason whatsoever it is doubtful which of them he or she can be proved to have committed, in the alternative; (b) “alternatively”, whether in the phrase “concurrently or alternatively” or on its own in relation to the charging of a person with two or more crimes, means that the person may be charged (i) with one of those crimes to the exclusion of the other crime, or with any one or more of those crimes to the exclusion of any other crime; or (ii) with both or all of those crimes in the alternative, if for any reason whatsoever it is doubtful which of them he or she can be proved to have committed. 280 Standard scale of fines and amendment thereof (1) Where in this Code and any enactment it is provided that a person who is guilty of a crime is liable to a fine or a maximum fine by reference to a level on the standard scale, the amount of the fine or the maximum fine, as the case may be, that may be imposed shall be the monetary amount specified in the second column of the First Schedule opposite that level in the first column of the First Schedule. (2) Where any enactment confers power to make a statutory instrument prescribing a fine or a maximum fine by reference to a level on the standard scale— (a) the reference shall be construed as a reference to the standard scale of fines; and (b) any fine or maximum fine so prescribed may be specified as a monetary amount or as a level on the standard scale of fines. (3) Where any enactment prescribes the jurisdiction of any court or judicial officer by reference to a level on the standard scale, the reference shall be construed as a reference to the standard scale of fines. (4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, whenever a court imposes a sentence of a fine upon an offender, the court shall specify the monetary amount of the fine and shall not specify the fine by reference to a level on the standard scale of fines. (5) Subject to subsection (6), the Minister may, by statutory instrument, amend or replace the First Schedule, whenever the Minister considers such an amendment or replacement to be necessary as a result of a change in the purchasing-power of money or for any other reason: Provided that