2002. Furthermore, women are said to have been more affected by the internal displacements
which occurred during the farm invasions of 2000-2005 and the urban clean-up operation
known as Operation Murambatsvina. Approximately, 700 000 people were displaced during the
latter exercise and a number of homes were destroyed. Most women who were involved in the
informal trading sector also lost their means of livelihood. However, the classification of
Operation Murambatsvina as a human rights violation is problematic since this exercise could
also be interpreted as a state policy for implementing its international obligation to protect the
enjoyment of the right to health.
It has to be pointed out that whilst the state publicly denied any violations of human rights, it
conceded liability in the confines of judges' chambers. This fact has been confirmed in the
analysis of civil proceedings that the Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum has been instituting
on behalf of victims of state-orchestrated violence since 1998. According to their June 2006
report, 90% of their completed cases were either settled out of court or the court's findings
favoured the victims. This however, cannot be seen as effective redress for victims of human
rights violations in Zimbabwe since these are only those cases which were brought to the
attention of the Forum. There has also not been any public acknowledgement of wrongdoing by
the state.
2008 -2013 – Opportunities – the 2013 Constitution
On the 15th of September 2008, following a decade of negative publicity, violence, social and
economic collapse, Zimbabwe's key political parties signed a power sharing agreement known
as the Global Political Agreement (GPA). Articles 6 and 7 of the GPA are worth special attention.
Article 6 provided for the creation of a Parliamentary Select Committee which would lead the
process of producing a “people driven” Constitution and Article 7 dealt with the promotion of
“equality, national healing, cohesion and unity”. In particular, Article 7 (c) stated that the parties:
Shall give consideration to the setting up of a mechanism to properly advise on what
measures might be necessary and practicable to achieve national healing, cohesion and
unity in respect of victims of pre and post-independence political conflicts.
When the power-sharing agreement itself ended with ZANU PF's victory in the 2013 Harmonised
Elections, both Articles 6 and 7 of the GPA had been implemented. This paper will not discuss
the role of the Organ on National Healing and what it has achieved so far but will comment on
the relevant provisions of the 2013 Zimbabwean Constitution, which relate to truth recovery.
26
The Second International Conference on Transitional Justice in Zimbabwe
Select target paragraph3
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