NGO reports on this topic reveal an interface between violations of bodily integrity rights and
breaches of economic social and cultural rights. For example, women whose source of livelihood
was destroyed during the urban clean up are alleged to have been more vulnerable to sexual
exploitation and abuse. Similarly, the women-led protests against economic challenges have
been brutally suppressed by the state, which has in the process violated women's bodily integrity
rights. Some of these women have been arrested and subjected to inhumane and degrading
treatment due to the country's poor prison conditions and their situation has been further
exacerbated by the state's inability to provide sanitary towels to the incarcerated.
This raises the issue of the suitability of Western models of dealing with the past for the
Zimbabwean context. This is not the first time that Western notions of harms have been critiqued
in a post-colonial context. For example, in an indirect response to critiques that individual
financial awards, which were given in pursuance of South Africa's reparatory justice programs,
were inadequate, Thabo Mbeki expressed the opinion that the TRC should have been about:
The continuing challenge of reconstruction and development: deepening democracy and
the culture of human rights, ensuring good governance and transparency, intensifying
economic growth and social programmes, improving citizens' safety and security and
contributing to the building of a humane and just world order.
The third concern is that there is little evidence that victims want a truth process or that there are
any prospects that such an exercise will establish the truth. According to Sheri Eppel, in a 2008
survey, which looked at the urgent needs of the people in Matabeleland, most people
considered food security to be their immediate priority, and 80% of them put water as their
second most urgent need. Much more importantly, when asked about a specific mechanism for
redressing the past, in comparison to the 5% who said truth telling was important, 80% of the
respondents are said to have wanted exhumations and memorialisation of their deceased
relatives who are still in mass graves.
This story of Zimbabwe is a story of most post-colonial societies. For example, Rosalind Shaw's
ethnographic study of ordinary Sierra Leoneses' perceptions of the TRC, which was established
after the country's eleven-year civil war observed that this mechanism was only popular with
politicians and NGOs and not with the victims. In her opinion;
Ideas concerning the conciliatory and therapeutic efficacy of truth telling are the products
of Western culture of memory deriving from North American and European historical
processes.
28
The Second International Conference on Transitional Justice in Zimbabwe
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