Based on interviews with 59 widows in all 10 provinces of Zimbabwe between May and
October 2016, this report documents the human rights vulnerabilities and abuses that
widows in Zimbabwe face. Around the world, millions of older women—and older people
generally—routinely experience violations of their human rights. This report focuses on
abuses related to property grabbing from widows, predominantly older women.
Chronological age is not the exclusive determinant of whether a person will experience old
age discrimination. A widow who is perceived as being older because of physical and other
attributes, such as white hair or wrinkles, could face age discrimination regardless of her
calendar age. Most of the widows we interviewed could have been perceived as older and
may have been targeted for property grabbing because of relatives’ real or imagined belief
that they would be unable to defend themselves. Violations against older people are
common and include discrimination, social and political exclusion, abuses in nursing
facilities, neglect in humanitarian settings, and denial and rationing of health care. Most
abuse goes undocumented and the perpetrators unpunished, as governments, UN
agencies, and human rights actors have long ignored the rights of older people.
The abuses documented in this report were experienced by older and younger widows.
Human Rights Watch also interviewed representatives of nongovernmental organizations
and legal aid organizations who provide support to widows and conducted an extensive
review of relevant domestic legislation and policy documents.
According to the 2012 census, Zimbabwe is home to around 587,000 widows, and most
women aged 60 and over are widowed. Many of these older women are vulnerable to
violations of their property and inheritance rights. Every year, in-laws evict thousands of
widows from their homes and land, leaving them with no roof over their head, no means of
income, and no support networks. Others face persistent harassment from in-laws who
often accuse them of being responsible for the death of their husbands.
More than 250 million widows around the world face multiple abuses, neglect, and social
exclusion and too frequently are pushed into extreme poverty; the Loomba Foundation
estimated that in 2015, 38,261,345 widows were living in extreme poverty. For some, the
abuses they face as widows continue a lifetime of gender-based discrimination abuse and
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