21 from these Provinces. However, it is also the case that generally very high rates of violations were reported from the 3 Mashonaland Provinces. 33 3.2.1 Violations against farmers and their families As can be seen from Table 5, a wide range of violations was reported by the respondents. The most frequent violations reported are political intimidation, being forced to attend meetings of Zanu(PF), being forced to join Zanu(PF), and, unsurprisingly, being displaced and dispossessed. Furthermore, very significant numbers of serious human rights violations are also reported: assaults, death threats, torture, being held hostage, and unlawful detention were all reported with high frequency. Related to political intimidation, there were high numbers of reports of livestock and wildlife being maimed or killed, and also of pets being beaten or killed. Here it is important to note that livestock and wildlife being killed or maimed does not refer to poaching, which was rife during the period, but rather to the deliberate killing and maiming of animals in order to intimidate the owner into leaving the farm. In addition, there was destruction of the landscape, with an enormous number of trees being cut, and fires frequently being set. Also, it is important to note that children were frequent witnesses to all these violations. Table 5 Violations against farmers and their families. Abduction Assault Death threats Deliberate killing/maiming of wildlife Denied food if not member of ZanuPF Disappearance Displacement Forced attendance at political meeting Forced to join political party Held hostage Intimidation of key workers Pet animals killed/maimed Political intimidation Murder Rape Torture Unlawful arrest Unlawful detention Young person forced to join Zanu(PF) Number[%] 24[0.5] 297[5.8] 289[5.6] 441[8.5] 0 4[0.1] 730[14.1] 704[13.7] 945[18.3] 131[2.5] 0 66[1.3] 1211[23.5] 12[0.2] 10[0.2] 230[4.5] 59[1.1] 10[0.2] 0 33 See Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum (2000), Who is responsible? A preliminary analysis of pre-election violence in Zimbabwe, HARARE: ZIMBABWE HUMAN RIGHTS NGO FORUM; Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum (2001), Human Rights and Zimbabwe’s June 2000 election, HARARE: ZIMBABWE HUMAN RIGHTS NGO FORUM. A Preliminary Report on Human Rights Violations on Commercial Farms, 2000 to 2005.