Introduction
The match between citizens’ aspirations and the promises made by political parties comes to
fore most strongly when elections are pending. The presumption is that the parties contesting
an election have been building their manifestos in a careful dialogue with their members, as
well as finding ways to persuade the electorate at large to have confidence in the manifesto.
The big question is over the extent to which political parties really understand what citizens
want from governance, and, has become clear in a major UN survey (MY WORLD. 2015), the
desires are a mixture of both service delivery and governance issues. Asking 16 basic questions,
the survey asked the respondents to choose the top six issues that they thought were crucial to
good governance. Four questions dealt with governance issues: An honest and responsive
government, equality between men and women, freedom from discrimination and persecution,
and political freedoms. “Honest and responsive government” is one of the most common
desires by citizens internationally, the sample now representing almost 9,736,484 respondents
from 194 countries.
Building on the data from an earlier version of this survey, several British workers took a
smaller sample from the UN. Using results from only those countries where more than one
thousand persons voted, they ended up with a sample of 1.3 million (out of 1.5 million)
respondents from 74 countries (Bergh, Menocal & Takeuchi. 2014). The general finding was
that citizens’ main concerns are whether governments deliver public goods and services, but
not to the exclusion of issues around the “form” of governance. The main point made in this
ODI study is that issues about governance are probably more important than is often accepted
in development assistance:
A crucial message emerging from the analysis, which draws from both the
MY World survey and other, more detailed global and regional perception
surveys (particularly the regional Barometers), is that, when thinking about
governance, people tend to care first and foremost about state effectiveness
and the ability of the state to deliver (be it in terms of generating growth and
jobs, providing basic services, ensuring a more equitable distribution of the
‘goods’ provided, etc.). In other words, their view of governance is quite
instrumental, based on outcomes and not necessarily on which normative
attributes that should be inherent to governance or particular forms it should
take. This is clearly illustrated in MY World survey results, which show that
respondents overwhelmingly privilege ‘an honest and responsive
government’ over other options that also have important governance
dimensions, including ‘political freedoms’.(Bergh, Menocal & Takeuchi.
2014. p 13)
How might these findings apply to politics and citizens’ perceptions of the form and function
of politics in Zimbabwe?
Zimbabwe and governance
Zimbabwe was included in the final MYWorld sample, and now (2018) 16,249 Zimbabweans
have voted. The Zimbabwean sample is not strongly representative of Zimbabwe as a whole:
there are more males and it appears to be more educated than the 2012 census would show, and
sees “honest and responsive government” in fifth place as opposed to fourth for whole world
sample. Zimbabweans placed education, healthcare, job opportunities, and access to clean
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