11. CONCLUSION Although the pre-electoral period and polling day were peaceful, ZESN notes with concern the low turn-out for the Nkulumane by-elections, a trend which has persisted throughout all the 2014 and 2015 by-elections. ZESN urges the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission to continue investing in processes that allow for the development of effective civic and voter education initiatives to enhance all categories of voters’ appreciation of their civic responsibility of participating in elections and electoral processes. Furthermore ZESN urges government to avail adequate and timely funding for ZEC to enable the Commission to adequately prepare for the 2018 harmonised elections, especially the development, testing and implementation of an appropriate voter registration methodology that responds to deficiencies that have been observed in the previous and current voter registration system. 17 | P a g e