The psychosocial approach suggests that although people are affected in many ways, three areas in particular are affected: human capacity (ie, skills, knowledge, and capabilities), social ecology (social connectedness and networks), and culture and values. People need support to enhance both their own and the community’s psychosocial well being by strengthening each of these areas. There are a number of approaches that can be utilised here that have already shown some efficacy with older populations of survivors. One approach that shows considerable promise, and already has a fair track record is termed the ―Tree of Life‖. The Tree of Life was originally developed as an approach for assisting unemployed youth. It was adapted to the needs of Zimbabwean political violence victims living in exile in South Africa in 2002. This process was introduced to trauma survivors in Zimbabwe in 2004 as an attempt to address the psycho-social difficulties faced by survivors in Zimbabwe, most of whom still lived under threat and were displaced. The Tree of Life is a healing and empowerment workshop that combines the concepts of story-telling, healing of the spirit, reconnecting with the body and re-establishing a sense of self-esteem and community. This process was developed from traditional ways of dealing with difficult issues in communities amongst the Native Americans, and shares common features with many similar circle processes (Yoder.2005). It is carried out over a period of two to three days with a group living and sharing meals together. During the course of the workshops, it was discovered that the victims are more at ease when they are all from the same community rather than a group of strangers, this allows them to gain the trust and respect sooner rather than later. In this way it differs slightly from conventional group therapies. An initial evaluation of this approach indicated that 36% showed significant clinical improvement, and the sample as a whole showed significant changes in their psychological state (Reeler et al.2009). More complete information was available for a smaller sample [19], which showed 39% having significant improvement. On follow-up, 44% were still experiencing difficulties, with most [72%] experiencing economic difficulties. On the positive side, 56% reported coping better, only 9% reported health problems, and most were still connected to the group with which they participated in the process. All felt that that the process had helped them, had helped them learn new things, and had changed in the way that they felt about their torture. A second study showed a stronger effect on outcome (RAU.2009). Follow-up data was available for 58 cases, drawn mostly from two pre-urban areas in Harare. The sample was slightly more female than male [30 v 28]. The sample was mostly composed of mature adults [mean age: 39 years; s.dev: 13.9 years], reporting an average of 2.2 [s.dev: 1.2] human rights violations each. The violations were serious as can be seen from Table 2.

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