Overview
The largest mass movement of people into South Africa in its history is continuing into its
seventh year, yet the Government appears to have a policy that consists mainly of window
dressing and broken promises. The Zimbabwean migration is around three times greater than
that of Mozambicans during their civil war, yet astonishingly there is no coherent indication
from Government on how it intends to deal with this, either now or in the future. The crisis of
immigration into South Africa is a direct product of the crisis in Zimbabwe; as economic
recovery in Zimbabwe is not likely to occur soon, its biggest export will remain its people.
Bearing this in mind, there is an urgent need for the South African government to develop a
more sensible policy towards the hundreds of thousands of undocumented Zimbabweans
within its borders. There needs to be a move away from border control to border
management – and the promise (apparently forgotten) to give a special dispensation to
Zimbabweans under the Immigration Act needs to be renewed and acted upon.
The desperate plight of thousands, caught in a twilight world of poverty and unbelonging,
involves Zimbabwean migrants of all walks of life and of all ages. Two case studies in this
report highlight two small groups – one reviews 82 unaccompanied minors, and one reviews
456 Zimbabweans displaced in November 2009 in De Doorns in the Western Cape. This latter
group, part of around 2,400 in De Doorns, had their shacks destroyed during clearly
orchestrated and premeditated xenophobic attacks: four months later they remain, more or
less forgotten, on a playing field.
The horrific xenophobic attacks of 2008 have caused much soul searching in South Africa and
have further highlighted the dangers faced by migrants as they flee their African nations in
search of safety from persecution, humanitarian support and a source of livelihood. However,
xenophobia predated the 2008 attacks, with cases on official record dating back to the very
birth of the new South Africa in 1994. And tragically, xenophobic incidents and their
consequences continue into the present. It seems little has been learnt in South Africa since
May 2008 in terms of how to prevent xenophobic violence and in how to respond once it
happens. Once more, in De Doorns there has been impunity for perpetrators and not much
support for victims. Clear indications of a looming xenophobic attack were ignored.
An assessment of the situation of and policy towards Zimbabweans in South Africa seems
timely for the following reasons:
Calls are currently prevalent for another election in Zimbabwe in 2011, and in this
eventuality, there is a high likelihood of political violence and further movements of
Zimbabweans into neighbouring states.
The imminence of the World Football Cup, and concerns about a new upsurge in
xenophobia in the aftermath of this, provide further impetus to this report.
South African local government elections, due in 2011, could precipitate another round of
xenophobia, as local political interests have been shown to be used to fuel xenophobia in
informal settlements.
While the South African government has a very clear constitutional duty to respond to the
crisis and��to provide protection to all who live within the borders of their nation, there is also
a need for the Zimbabwean government to deal more cohesively with the fact that so many of
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