foster behavioural change among participants by, among other things, establishing new rules of interaction, modelling more constructive behaviours, and providing opportunities for imitation and rehearsal of constructive behaviours in a relatively safe environment. MONITORING AND EVALUATION TOOLS There are several tools that have been developed for monitoring and evaluation purposes. For the purpose of this manual, workshop questionnaires can be used to assess the outcomes and impact of the interventions. During the workshops to develop the manual, a set of questionnaires was developed to assess the training needs (pre-workshop), to assess the effectiveness of each training session (workshop evaluation), and to assess the outcomes (post-workshop). These are provided as appendices to this manual. REFERENCES Literature Kellogg Foundation (2004). Logic model development guide: Using the logic model to bring together planning, evaluation and action. www.wkkf.org Patton, M. Q. (1997). Utilisation-focused evaluation: The new century text. London: Sage. Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A systematic approach. California: Sage. Shapiro, I. (2006). Extending the framework of inquiry: Theories of change in conflict interventions. Berghof Research Centre for Constructive Conflict Management, Handbook No. 5 www.berghofhandbook.net (accessed on 16/02/2010). Stufflebeam, D. L. (2001). Evaluation models: New directions for evaluation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) Evaluation Office. (2002). Handbook on monitoring and evaluating for results. New York: UNDP. 132 Community Healing: A training manual for Zimbabwe