Panel 1: Loveness Jambaya Nyakujarah, Shamila Batohi, Yassin Brunger and Tamara Naidoo. first instrument to recognise sexual violence crimes as war crimes. Beyond the extensive provisions for sexual violence in the Statute, Batohi noted that there have been some challenges in the prosecution of sexual violence by the ICC. Although over 70 per cent of perpetrators indicted by the ICC were charged with sexual violence crimes, it was only in 2016, with the conviction of Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, that the ICC achieved its first conviction for sexual violence crimes. Batohi indicated that this emphasised the importance and the need for the Sexual and Gender-based Crimes Policy Paper adopted in 2014. The policy clarifies the OTP’s commitment to addressing sexual and gender-based violence, informs good investigation and prosecution of such crimes and, through its implementation, contributes to the development of international jurisprudence. Batohi noted that it may also serve as a reference for domestic and international investigations prosecutions. Batohi noted that the uniqueness of the OTP’s Sexual and Gender-based Crimes Policy, is the conducting of a gender analysis which that requires an examination of the underlying differences, inequalities and power relationships between women and men, and girls and boys, and other dynamics which that determine and shape gender roles in a society, and give rise to assumptions and stereotypes, thus unveiling the need understand how gender dynamics impact on the commission of sexual and gender-based violence. Batohi also highlighted a need to unpack further the existing definitions of gender. The Rome Stature presently recognises gender as male or female; Batohi noted that the recognition of a ‘third gender’ and gender neutrality in India and Australia, are crucial for the development of understandings of gender. Batohi concluded her presentation by reiterating the recurrent theme: the need to include victim-centred approaches, particularly in the implementation of the OTP’s Sexual and Genderbased Crimes Policy. She encouraged a 'do no harm' approach in engaging with victims and managing their expectations, urging states to conduct genuine proceedings that employ a victim-responsive approach. In conclusion, Batohi encouraged multiple stakeholders, including states parties to the Rome Statute, victims’ groups and NGOs, to support the OTP in implementing its policy, as it is a crucial development in the prosecution of sexual and gender-based violence as international crimes. ljn LOVENESS JAMBAYA NYAKUJARAH Programme Specialist, Women Peace and Security, UN Women Developments around the Women, Peace and Security Agenda Loveness Jambaya Nyakujarah’s presentation provided an overview of efforts surrounding PANEL 1: Recent developments in international accountability for conflict-related sexual violence /3