CONSTITUTION OF ZIMBABWE others, and whether in public or in private, to manifest and propagate his religion or belief through worship, teaching, practice and observance. (2) Except with his own consent or, if he is a minor, the consent of his parent or guardian, no person attending any place of education shall be required to receive religious instruction or to take part in or attend any religious ceremony or observance if that instruction, ceremony or observance relates to a religion other than his own. (3) No religious community shall be prevented from making provision for the giving by persons lawfully in Zimbabwe of religious instruction to persons of that community in the course of any education provided by that community, whether or not that community is in receipt of any subsidy, grant or other form of financial assistance from the State. (4) No person shall be compelled to take any oath that is contrary to his religion or belief or to take any oath in a manner that is contrary to his religion or belief. (5) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be in contravention of subsection (1) or (3) to the extent that the law in question makes provision— (a) in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; (b) for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedoms of other persons, including the right to observe and practise any religion or belief without the unsolicited intervention of persons professing any other religion or belief; or (c) with respect to standards or qualifications to be required in relation to places of education, including any instruction not being religious instruction, given at such places; except so far as that provision or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. (6) References in this section to a religion shall be construed as including references to a religious denomination and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly. (iii) maintaining the authority and independence of the courts or tribunals or Parliament; [Subparagraph as amended by section 26 of Act 31 of 1989] 20 Protection of freedom of expression (1) Except with his own consent or by way of parental discipline, no person shall be hindered in the enjoyment of his freedom of expression, that is to say, freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart ideas and information without interference, and freedom from interference with his correspondence. (2) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be in contravention of subsection (1) to the extent that the law in question makes provision— (a) in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, the economic interests of the State, public morality or public health; (b) for the purpose of— (i) protecting the reputations, rights and freedoms of other persons or the private lives of persons concerned in legal proceedings; (ii) preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence; (iv) regulating the technical administration, technical operation or general efficiency of telephony, telegraphy, posts, wireless 23 ss 17–18