The sample reported more experiences of trauma than witnessing or hearing stories on the
Harvard Trauma Scale. Only 7 (47%) persons of the clinically disordered group showed signs of
PTSD, but this was a much higher percentage than other Zimbabwean studies, and
undoubtedly reflects the acute nature of the psychological distress. PTSD would be more
strongly expected as an immediate consequence of OVT than other forms of disorder.
We have not reported details of the personal experience of any of these cases, since all these
cases are sub judice, but the general data corroborates the reports from the Mabvuku
interviews. The sample reports overwhelmingly experiences of gross human rights violations,
and, distressingly, most have physical, psychological and social difficulties as a consequence of
their experience.
All these cases are currently awaiting the outcome of their civil suits, and the Civil Division of the
Attorney-General’s Office has indicated that it will contest all the cases. Here we would
comment this is unsatisfactory in the light of the UN Human Rights Committee’s
recommendations that all cases of gross human rights violations should be paid compensation,
and that it is legalistic of the Government to insist upon court proceedings before any award of
compensation. We are certain that this was not the intention of the UN committee.
Furthermore, we would point out that the cases reported upon here represent a small proportion
of the persons who likely experienced gross human rights violations. If, as noted above, more
than 70% of the persons seen in the Harare Magistrate’s Court were unconditionally
discharged, and the evidence of the conditions in detention (see above in Section 5) was that
gross human rights violations were perpetrated on a massive scale, then the numbers will be
clearly much higher. Even more important, when the evidence suggests that gross human rights
violations were perpetrated on a massive scale within the communities without arrests taking
place, then the numbers affected will be in the region of many thousands. Of course this is
assertion based upon extrapolation and no substitute for detailed analysis, but this is of course
what the Human Rights NGO Forum has continually requested from the President and the
Government: an independent commission of inquiry. Importantly, this has also been requested
by the UN Human Rights Committee.
As can be seen from this section, the human consequences of the Food Riots were not trivial
and the suffering continues unaddressed for an unknown number of ordinary Zimbabwean
citizens caught up in a terrible disturbance. They require a better response from the
Government than either ignoring the problem or offering a mendacious report such as that
offered by the Zimbabwe Republic Police.
7. Conclusions and Recommendations
The conclusions and recommendations outlined in the report published on 10 March 1998
remain as relevant today as then, and the results of this more detailed report merely vindicate
these earlier views.
Firstly, as stated in the initial report, it remains evident that in Zimbabwe there is a highly volatile
and unstable social environment. This stems from gross discontent with very harsh economic
conditions and massive levels of unemployment. As we hope we have demonstrated, the
disturbances were predictable and, indeed were predicted by many commentators. More recent
analyses of the Zimbabwean situation make many of the same points as we have in our
analysis of the background. Unless these problems are properly addressed, there is bound to
be increasing levels of social instability.
Secondly, in this sort of environment, ill-conceived measures by Government that worsen
economic suffering will inevitably lead to some sort of backlash. As can be seen from the
analysis of the economic and other factors preceding the Food Riots, these factors have strong
implications for public order. It is noteworthy that there have been riots subsequent to the Food
Riots, and that these riots were determined in the main by economic factors and the
Government’s ill-conceived policy in dealing with the economic issues.
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