Judgment No. CCZ 7/16 9
Const. Application No. CCZ 17/15
Right to Education
The gist of the appellants’ argument, as I understand it, is that the
Headmistress of the School, through her ultimatum to attend chapel, effectively expelled
their daughters from the School. In so doing, she violated their right to education in terms
of s 75 of the Constitution, as read with s 4 of the Education Act. In this respect, Adv.
Mafukidze relies in particular on s 4(2) of the Act which prohibits discrimination on the
grounds of, inter alia, race, tribe, creed or gender, with regard to the admission of any
child to any school. He argues that this provision extends to contracts of admission and,
by necessary implication, to the discriminatory imposition of onerous conditions after
admission. Admission in this sense is not limited to entry into the school but also includes
the right to remain in the school for the duration of one’s studies. The gravity of such
discriminatory conduct is demonstrated by the fact that it is criminalised by s 4(4) of the
Act. In the instant case, the applicants’ daughters, as adherents of the Jehovah’s Witness
faith, are discriminated against by having to attend the observance of a contrary faith that
they do not adhere to, unlike the majority of the girls at the School who belong to the
Anglican faith. This prohibition against discrimination is reinforced by s 75(2) of the
Constitution which prohibits independent educational institutions from practising such
discrimination.
In my view, this argument is fundamentally flawed in relation to the scope
of section 4 of the Act and the notion of discrimination prohibited by that section. Firstly,
what s 4(2) prohibits is the refusal of or discrimination against any child in regard to his