Figure 1: Changes in measures of Social Capital over three Rounds (2012, 2014 & 2017) 9% Trust neighbours 36% 52% 17% 17% 19% Not careful what you say 25% 18% 23% Join others to raise an issue 2012 2014 50% 39% 44% Attend a community meeting Member of voluntary association/community group 2017 20% 13% 11% Not unsafe walking in neighbourhood 79% 85% 93% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Figure 1 shows the changes in the individual components of the social capital measure over the three rounds. Trusting neighbours (43%) and feeling safe in the neighbourhood (14%) both increase over the five years. There is little change in being careful what you say, a decline in being a member of a voluntary association or community group, and little change in the other two measures, joining others to raise an issue and attending community meetings. Apart from membership of voluntary associations or community groups, all the separate components of social capital either stay static over the period or increase. A contrast was done between women with “hi” and “lo” Social Capital. Firstly, there were minimal changes in the percentage of women from 2012 to 2017 that could be described as having “hi social capital” (Figure 2). Figure 2: Percentages of “hi” and “lo” social capital in women, 2012 to 2014 100% 90% 86% 90% 81% 80% 70% 60% 50% Hi 40% Lo 30% 20% 14% 19% 10% 10% 0% 2012 2 3 2014 2017 Secondly, these changes in social capital over the three rounds were statistically significant. The average social capital score for 2012 was 2.5 (sd.1.6), which dropped significantly in 2014 to 2.04 (sd.1.5),2 and then rose significantly in 2017 to 3.2 (sd.1.6).3 This is the period from the last years of the Inclusive Government, the victory of ZANU-PF in the 2013 elections (and the party’s re-assumption of the government), and the period of severe economic decline again and very serious faction fighting in most political parties. T-test (2012 v 2014): t=7.14 (df=2398); p=0.0001. T-test (2014 v 2017): t=15.29 (df=2398); p=0.0001. 8