• • As a member of the KPCS, and as chair of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), press for speedy reforms and policy changes that will stop the export of smuggled diamonds from Marange due to the serious human rights abuses involved. Urge Zimbabwe to comply with KPCS rules, including stopping all smuggling of Marange diamonds and ensuring that all diamonds that leave Zimbabwe are accompanied by authentic KPCS certificates. Ensure that South Africa’s diamond industry is not tainted by diamonds from Marange and the human rights abuses taking place there. In this regard, exercise greater vigilance through the use of the KPCS “footprint”—a detailed description highlighting distinctive features—of smuggled Marange diamonds that would enable South Africa to more easily identify diamonds originating from Marange and stop them from entering its diamond market. South Africa should ensure that all diamonds imported and exported within its territory are accompanied by valid Kimberley Process certificates. To the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme • • • Immediately investigate allegations of serious human rights abuses and smuggling of Marange diamonds outside Zimbabwe and any other violations of the Kimberley Process. Immediately suspend Zimbabwe from participation in the KPCS until it satisfactorily addresses the violations set out in this report and puts in place genuinely effective and transparent measures to regulate its diamond industry, stop human rights abuses, and end smuggling. Urgently review and broaden the definition of “conflict diamonds” or “blood diamonds” to include diamonds mined in the context of serious and systematic human rights abuses and develop an actionable response to KPCS members that commit these violations. To States and Organizations that Are Major Consumers of Rough Diamonds, including the European Union, the United States, South Africa, the United Arab Emirates, and India • • Support initiatives to speedily reform and broaden the mandate of the KPCS to include human rights concerns at the core of its mandate. Highlight the human rights abuses occurring with respect to diamond mining in Marange and require that these abuses end immediately and that there be full Diamonds in the Rough 8