States Must Take Necessary Steps to Give Effect to Rights; Freedom from Discrimination and Equality under the Law ICCPR, Art. 2(2): Where not already provided for by existing legislative or other measures, each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take the necessary steps, in accordance with its constitutional processes and with the provisions of the present Covenant, to adopt such laws or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the present Covenant. ICCPR, Art. 26: All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. UNSC Res. 1536 (2004), p. 4: [The Security Council] encourages Afghan authorities to enable an electoral process that provides for voter participation that is representative of the national demographics including women and refugees and calls upon all eligible Afghans to fully participate in the registration and electoral processes. UNSC Res. 1100 (1997), p. 8: [The Security Council] also stresses the importance of assisting with the prompt repatriation of refugees who are willing to return to Liberia in time to participate in the registration and voting process. UNSC Res. 1582 (2005), p. 17: [The Security Council] reaffirms the unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict, reaffirms also the inalienable right of all refugees and internally displaced persons affected by the conflict to return to their homes in secure and dignified conditions, in accordance with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of 4 April 1994 (S/1994/397, annex II) and the Yalta Declaration. CERD/C/JOR/CO/13-17, Jordan (2012), p. 13: The Committee is further concerned that, as non-citizen residents, Jordan’s large refugee population remains unable to participate in the political processes and decision-making in the State party. 13.9 Are there measures to facilitate the registration of nomadic communities? States Must Take Necessary Steps to Give Effect to Rights; Freedom from Discrimination and Equality under the Law ICCPR, Art. 2(2): Where not already provided for by existing legislative or other measures, each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take the necessary steps, in accordance with its constitutional processes and with the provisions of the present Covenant, to adopt such laws or other measures as may be necessary to give effect to the rights recognized in the present Covenant. ICCPR, Art. 26: All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. A/HRC/13/25, (Forum on Minority Issues, 2010), p. 25: States should also consider what special arrangements are necessary to guarantee the right to effective political participation for persons belonging to nomadic communities who are least likely to have traditional documentation or proof of long-term residency in electoral districts. A/HRC/13/23, Add. 1 (IE on Minority Issues) Kazakhstan, 2010, p. 92: Groups, including Roma and Luli (or Lyuli), were generally described as nomadic or itinerant and with livelihoods solely in the informal sector. Such groups are not represented in the Assembly of the People or other State institutions. They often lack identification documents required to secure services and may be vulnerable with regard to access to health care, education, housing and the effects of extreme poverty. Women and children belonging to these groups may be particularly at risk. The Government is urged to constructively engage with such communities in order to assess their needs and address discrimination against them. Sustainable solutions should be developed to improve access to their rights. International Obligations for Elections 187 Part B. Electoral Components and Tables of Jurisprudence 13.8 Are there provisions to register refugees?