70 | Zimbabwe Rule of Law Journal
Chief Rusike’s area), Msengezi, Marirangwe, and Gwatemba); Hwesa (Northern part of the Nyanga
District); Kalanga (Bulilima and Mangwe Districts, Nyamandhlovu District, Kezi, Tsholotsho and
Matobo Districts); Nambya (Hwange, Tsholotsho, Western Lupane and around Hwange National
Park); Shangani (Chiredzi District, Beitbridge (Chikwalakwala), Mwenezi (in Chief Chitanga’s area),
Zaka (in Chiefs Tshovani and Mutshipisi areas), Mberengwa and Chipinge (in Gonarezhou); Sotho
(Gwanda South (around Manama), Gwanda North (in Chief Nhlamba’s area), Bililimamangwe (Plumtree),
Beitbridge, Shashe, Machuchuta, Masera, Siyoka, Kezi and Masema (in the Masvingo District); Tonga
(Binga District, west and north-west parts of Lupane District, Hwange, Chirundu (Kariba, Nyaminyami
and Omay Districts), Gokwe North (Simchembu and Nenyunga), Mount Darwin and Mudzi (Goronga,
Mukota and Dendera); Tswana (Bulilimamangwe District and Mpoengs (between Ramaguabane and
Simukwe rivers that flow along the Botswana-Zimbabwe border); Khoisan (Tsholotsho (Maganwini,
Sinkente, Pumula, and DomboMasili) and also Bulilimamangwe’s area of Siwowo); Venda (Beitbridge);
Zimbabwe sign language (schools like the Zimbabwe School Sign, Masvingo School Sign and
Zimbabwe Community Sign) and Sena (Muzarabani, on plantations like Katiyo Tea Estate and other
plantations, commercial farms and mines).
d. Language of Record
Section 6(2) empowers Parliament to prescribe a language of record in Zimbabwe. A language of
record is one that is used in the official records of a country. The main drawback of this clause is
that it does not stipulate the criteria that Parliament should use to determine language of record
status and thus gives Parliament a wide discretion. It is also not clear how many languages should
be prescribed languages of record. There is also no clarity regarding whether languages of record will
cover government business throughout Zimbabwe or in certain provinces or municipalities in Zimbabwe.
There are various approaches that could be taken to determine the language of record. The first
approach may be to formally declare English as the language of record throughout the country since
English is currently the de facto language of record. The second approach may include having English
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