privately-owned newspapers, Daily News and NewsDay respectively, were briefly detained by ZANUPF security personnel while covering a demonstration at the party’s headquarters. On 3 July 2013 MISA- Zimbabwe Media Alert reports that Bulawayo-based freelance journalist Busani Ncube was on 2 July 2013 detained and questioned at Nkulumane police station in connection with a case involving his father’s house that was allegedly petrol bombed last month. On 9 July 2013 SW Radio Africa reports that, while taking photographs of the voter registration process at the Registrar General’s Offices, Leopold Munhende, a journalist with The Mirror was arrested by police. On 23 July 2013 MISA Zimbabwe Alert, reports that Albert Ncube, a correspondent journalist with the Southern Eye was on 20 July 2013 harassed by two men who claimed to be Central Intelligence Office (CIO) agents at a ZANU-PF rally addressed by President Robert Mugabe at Phelandaba stadium in Gwanda. On 26 July News24 Kenya reports that Kenyan journalist Charles Omondi was arrested at the Harare International airport allegedly on account of the fact that his clearance and accreditation papers were not in order. On 26 July NewsDay reports that the Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (Potraz) reportedly bans bulk text messages from international gateways until after the July 31 poll. On 30 July 2013 MISA Zimbabwe Alert, Kwelaz community radio board member Eric Musesengwe and volunteer staffer Annie Maseko appeared in court on 30 July 2013 charged with breaching section 7 of the Broadcasting Services Act, which outlaws broadcasting without a license; and s.78 (2) of AIPPA which criminalises the practice of journalism without accreditation, respectively. On 31 July MISA Zimbabwe Media Alert Elias Mambo and Phylis Mbanje both reporters with the Zimbabwe Independent and The Standard newspapers respectively are questioned by police over their intended coverage of the election voting process in Gutu. On 31 July Mr Chimhini of the Election Resource Centre was arrested together with Farai Saungweme, Wadzanai Previous Nyakudya and Moses Chikora and charged with contravening Section 40 (c) (1) (g) of the Electoral Act ahead of the July 31 harmonised elections for allegedly conducting voter education without the approval of the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC). Civil society organisations in Zimbabwe have argued that ZEC has no capacity to conduct voter education alone and other players must be allowed to assist. On 1 August Radio VOP reports that three journalists and board members working for a community radio station, Radio Kwelaz, Emmy Maseko (Reporter), Paul Gundani and Howard Masaninga, were arrested and charged for contravening the BSA and AIPPA by operating without a licence. On 1 August Zimbabwe Situation reports that war veterans in Bikita confiscated thousands of MDCT’s campaign posters at Dewure Shopping Centre after they were delivered from the party’s provincial offices. The war veterans, led by one “Cde Gudo”, dumped the posters in Dewure River. On 1 August both The Eye and NewZimbabwe.Com report that a primary school teacher in Gutu appeared in court for insulting President Mugabe and Police Commissioner-General Augustine Chihuri through a text message that he sent to Chihuri’s mobile phone. The message read: “Chihuri and Mugabe you are idiots and a disgrace to Zimbabwe. You will die mose naMugabe (together with Mugabe). I don’t fear you. Come to Batanai Primary, Charles Dondo. On 1 August thebeardedman.blogspot.com reports on allegations by the MDC-T that ZANU PF, aided by the Central Intelligence Organisation (CIO) and Chinese allies, crippled Internet services as the country voted. From 1-6 August Africa press review, the continent.org, humanitariannews.org, Africavillem agazine. co m& Africanent ertainer.com report that a Chegutu man is sentenced to four months in prison for 34