10 There were a number of differences found in the two groups as regards the types of violations reported. As can be seen from Table 8 [over], those who experienced multiple incidents were significantly more likely to report having being arrested and/or detained, being burned, raped, or having experienced indecent assault. More simply, those who had experienced multiple incidents were more likely to have experienced serious torture. Table 8 Single incident Beatings Unlawful arrest/detention Threats Sensory overstimulation Harassment Victim of Murambatsvina Psychological torture Witnessing violation Electrical shock Falanga Burnings Rape Indecent assault 55% 10% 64% 33% 62% 19% 76% 64% 0 0 2% 7% 2% *p=0.05 Multiple incidents 67% 22% 85% 48% 71% 12% 81% 75% 3% 7% 12%* 20%* 12%* Case Study: Mary is a 28 year old female who fled to South Africa in 2004. She came from a family of MDC activists. She attended an MDC meeting, and was targeted by Zanu PF youth. She was arrested and taken to the local police station and beaten all over her body. She was released by the police early the next morning. Her family was harassed by Zanu PF supporters. She was advised by her father to leave Zimbabwe. She tried to visit her father who was living with her younger sister. En route to her sister she was informed that her father had passed away. He had been murdered, viz. stoned to death. She fled to South Africa as she feared for her life. X was accompanied by another female. They were offered a lift by two truck drivers who raped them as they were being smuggled into South Africa. She and her companion were dropped off on the highway in Johannesburg. In South Africa she was raped by a policeman. Elections A consistent observation about the human rights climate in Zimbabwe has been that all violations tend to increase significantly during elections, and this was also examined here. The sample was sorted according to whether they had arrived in South Africa during an election year – 2000, 2002, and 2005. 72% came during one of these 3 years, but the majority came during 2005, and, since this was both an election year and the year in which massive displacements took place, it does not appear as if elections were a significant precipitant of moving to South Africa.