The comparison over time nevertheless shows declines in levels of fear and intimidation:
In 2012 a total of 63% of MDC‐T supporters and 45% of those of ZANU‐P declared that people
always have to fear political intimidation in election campaigns. In 2010 81% of the MDC‐T
supporters and 51% of those from ZANU‐PF reported this, then higher, level of fear associated
with election campaigns. It shows that the MDC‐T supporters far more than those of ZANU‐PF
see an easing up in levels of fear due to intimidation.
In 2012 45% of the MDC‐T supporters and 30% ZANU‐PF noted that people one always have to
be careful about what they say about politics. The respective 2010 percentages were 56% and
33% ‐‐ again indicating that MDC��T supporters at the time of the 2012 survey felt a change in
fear climate far more than their ZANU‐PF counterparts.
This broad trend also extends to the measure of ‘always fear political intimidation in daily lives’.
The MDC‐Ts’ percentage declined from 40% to 26% and ZANU‐PFers from 20% to 13% and 26%
(13% ZANU‐PF) that one always has to fear intimidation as one goes about one’s daily life.
Timing of the next elections
Zimbabweans show that their preferences for when the next elections should be held move with the
times and the associated political debates. By 2012 there was quite a spread of opinions, yet the bulk
went with the protocol that elections need to be preceded by the finalisation of the constitution‐making
process, its subjugation to a referendum, and with the next election then to follow towards the middle
of 2013 (Table 22).5 In comparison, in 2010 respondents felt that elections the following year, 2011,
would be appropriate. In 2009, closer to the upheavals of the 2008 elections, respondents favoured
‘immediate’ next elections, or elections at least within one year.
Immediately
12
Immediately
11
Immediately
31
Table 22:
Desired timing for the next election, 2009, 2010 and 2012 surveys
Desired timing in the 2012 survey (%)
Sept‐Dec ‘12
Jan‐March’ 13 April‐June ‘13
Other
12
17
34
11
Desired timing in the 2010 survey (%)
2011
2012
2013
Other
46
8
8
13
Desired timing in the 2009 survey (%)
Within 1 year Within 2 years Within 3 years Within 5 years
25
17
5
15
DK, NS, R
14
DK, NS, R
15
DK, NS, R
7
Question: ‘In your opinion, when should the next presidential and parliamentary elections be held?’ Q45 in 2012
and Q14A in 2010.
5
By August 2012 there were varied opinions in Zimbabwe’s political circles as to whether there may be an
extension beyond June 2013. Some averred that the president would have three months leeway to implement
elections proclaimed by mid‐2012; others noted that the President tended to not proclaim virtually at will, as had
been the case, for example, in the vacancies in the prevailing parliament. The formal position remained ‘not later
than June 2013’.
41
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