International donors should help build the capacity of local NGOs to be able to build on
a large scale.
Pressure must be brought to bear on the Zimbabwean government to return full
control of the building of housing to local authorities, in accordance with the UN report
recommendations.
The UN report has pointed out the need for Zimbabwean local authorities to relax
urban housing legislation. This should be a priority, to facilitate building of temporary
or transitional housing in urban areas, with materials that can be upgraded over time
by owners. Colonial by‐laws mean building costs are prohibitive, as types of materials
that can be used are limited. Changes in legislation might protect residents against a
future Murambatsvina, as the government would no longer have the rationale that
their housing was in some way illegal.12 Sadly, in 2009 demolitions were continuing, in
keeping with these outdated by laws – including under an MDC T city council in
Victoria Falls.
Local councils need educating on housing alternatives used in other developing
nations, such as packed earth, wooden and other prefabricated dwellings: there is
currently a distinct reluctance on the part of city council officials to relax housing
regulations, seeing this as posing a health and safety risk to residents. Their position is
that everyone deserves good quality housing and this is what the laws currently
enforce.
The international community should consider prioritising the building of sewerage,
water and road networks in areas where stands have been allocated in urban areas.
This would reduce one of the most arduous cost burdens currently facing local councils
and plot holders. Sewerage and water systems in and of themselves cannot be usurped,
and their provision would go some way to meeting the concerns of councils with
regard to health and safety issues in developing urban areas.
2. Informal settlements
There is an urgent need in Bulawayo for the City Council to consider ways of giving tenure
to those in the Killarney informal settlement. 35% of people have lived there for 20 years
or more, with people living there for an average of 14 years. Many have been born in
Killarney and have known no other home. If they had security of tenure, they would be
able to develop more robust dwellings: experiences of multiple moves and the current
evictions have left families unwilling to invest time or materials in more than the most
basic shacks. Their living conditions now are noticeably worse than five years ago.
3. Informal Trading Sector
There is an urgent need for vending marts to be built throughout Zimbabwe: some
local authorities already have extensive plans and costing for what is required, but lack
12 The issue of legality of structures is a contentious one: it is dangerous to go along with the assumption that
those in poor quality housing have fewer rights than those in ‘legal’ dwellings, but nonetheless a relaxation of
housing laws at this time would reassure residents and make it easier for people to afford the building costs of
dwellings.
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