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Furthermore, the President has so much power such that he can easily override a decision by parliament.
For example, he can refuse to sign a law that has been agreed on in parliament. The President has wide
powers to override the decisions of parliament regardless of the fact that he rarely sits in parliament and
will not be there to hear the debates.
MPs seem unable to question executive decisions, and it is therefore difficult to expect the public to
question their MPs when parliament is virtually useless and the MPs themselves cannot question the
President49. The lack of questioning decisions has become a culture in Zimbabwe, in the views of the
victims, and it will take a long time before this can be reversed. It gives those in power an excuse to do
as they please. Most decisions apparently made by MPs are actually made by the leaders in their political
parties, and the MPs are told how they will exercise their vote in parliament, regardless of their own
personal opinions or their constituents.
As mentioned earlier, government capitalises on ignorance; citizens do not know that they can attend
parliament, and that they can contribute to prospective legislation through their MPs or active lobbying.
The biased media that sends out mixed, and often incorrect, messages reinforce this. Although there are
parliamentary information centres across the country and all parliamentary information is found there,
these places have been turned into political bases. In many cases, when the opposition MPs try to meet
their constituents at these centres, the police under POSA, disperse them.
The victims felt that this intolerance was not confined to Parliament. When civil society organisations try
to have meetings they are viewed with suspicion and gatherings are not allowed to organise effectively
to determine the people’s demands and how to get delivery. If there are no gatherings allowed then
participation is difficult and control of the decision makers is curtailed.
The participants were clear that democracy should not give a blank cheque to decision makers so that
they can do as they please until their term of office expires. The problem with democracy as many
understand it, is that too much emphasis is placed on elections or the competitive part of it, and there is
a failure to concentrate on the reasons behind the holding of elections. Furthermore, in a good
democracy, there should be continued participation in the political process between elections, and
pressure applied to ensure that the government policies promised during the campaign period are
implemented.
As regards consultation, citizens are rarely given a chance to contribute in the making of the monetary
and fiscal policy; these are simply dictated to them. The budget is discussed publicly, but not the
expenditure of government and there is poor access to this information. It is therefore impossible to
criticise the government, as nobody knows how much is being spent.
The victims generally expressed views suggesting that they had little control over decision makers, and
had clear ideas of what problems in this regard were apparent in Zimbabwe.
Protecting citizens equality and their ability to control decision makers
It was clearly stated that citizens do not feel their rights are adequately protected; there are freedoms
guaranteed to people in the Constitution, but these are paper-thin. These rights are not enforced by the
law enforcement agents, and, in some cases, these agents are the very culprits infringing people’s rights.
Worse still, laws are used selectively, with perpetrators of violence having been protected; they are often
given Presidential amnesty and impunity. Even reporting a perpetrator of violence to the police does not
ensure that they will arrest that person. In fact, the person making the report is frequently the one that is
arrested if the perpetrator is a member of the ruling party.
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The most startling recent example of accommodation to the Executive has occurred over the selection of the second VicePresident. Robert Mugabe decreed that this should be a woman, but a faction within ZanuPF resisted this. The “resisters” have
either been suspended or disciplined, and the results of several provincial elections have been reversed.
IDASA: Zimbabwe at the Cross-Roads: Views of Zimbabwean citizens on democracy and transitional justice.
Select target paragraph3
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