I. Colonization and white minority government: 1880s–1979 ............................ 31 II. Independence: Zimbabwe since 1980 ............................................................. 34 III. Current socio-economic context: Zimbabwe in 2009 ...................................... 38 National legislation in relation to freedom of association .......................................... 40 I. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 40 A. Legal system and governance ..................................................................... B. The judicial system ..................................................................................... C. Other institutions......................................................................................... 40 41 41 Trade union legislation ..................................................................................... 42 A. Relevant legislative instruments ................................................................. B. Legislative survey of freedom of association ............................................. Civil liberties .............................................................................................. Workplace relations .................................................................................... Right to organize and join organizations .................................................... Establishment of organizations .................................................................. Drafting of constitutions and election of officers ....................................... Administration of organizations ................................................................. Facilities ..................................................................................................... Strikes and pickets ...................................................................................... Right of organizations to establish federations .......................................... Dissolution and suspension of organizations ............................................. Protection against acts of anti-union discrimination .................................. Protection against acts of interference ........................................................ Collective bargaining ................................................................................. 42 44 44 46 47 48 50 50 51 52 54 54 55 56 56 10. Zimbabwe and international labour standards: Consideration by the ILO supervisory bodies ...................................................................................................... 59 9. II. I. Committee on Freedom of Association ............................................................ 59 II. Committee of Experts....................................................................................... 66 A. Application of Convention No. 98 .............................................................. B. Application of Convention No. 87 .............................................................. 66 68 Part IV. Information on the factual matters investigated by the Commission ................................. 71 11. The systematic and systemic nature of problems in the implementation of trade union rights ........................................................................................................ 73 12. Freedom of demonstration and assembly and the right to strike ................................ 76 I. Freedom on demonstration and assembly ........................................................ 76 A. B. C. D. The socio-economic component of events .................................................. Nationwide events....................................................................................... May Day celebrations ................................................................................. Other events ................................................................................................ 76 76 76 80 Strikes ............................................................................................................... 81 Arrests, detentions, assaults and torture ............................................................................. 87 II. 13. I. iv Conditions in detention .................................................................................... 87 Meetings-2009-Zimbabwe C of I-2009-12-0035-3-En.doc/v3