An in-depth Study on the impacts of Operation Murambatsvina period for detention was exceeded is notable. Here it is worth pointing out that this was similarly reported during the Food Riots in 1998xliii. Table 14 Effects on livelihoods Given the recent High Court Proportion decision on the legality of police [%] action, and the high number of Operation interfered with livelihood 70% persons arrested and assaulted, Registered traders 36% there must be some Traders paying rates to council 47% consideration of redress for the Traders not given notice 84% infringements of these citizens’ Mean days given as notice to stop 5-11 days fundamental rights. This should trading be in addition to redress for the Traders arrested 40% losses incurred. However, here it Period in police custody 2.8 - 15 days must be pointed out that there is Assaulted in police custody 27% some urgency, as civil actions in Deaths/injuries as a result of 43% Zimbabwean law are subject to demolitions prescription in time, and it is Deaths/injuries as a result of police 43% already 6 months since the actions commencement of the Operation. With less than 2 months remaining for registering civil claims, and as most of those affected are without the means to pursue legal action, it is highly probable that the victims of Operation Murambatsvina will lose their right to claim. This will be the grossest of injustices. 4.5 Losses Now much of the difficulty in estimating losses depends upon the unit of analysis: whether the economic unit is the household or the individual. Additionally, estimates can also vary according to the US$ exchange rate used: in the large ActionAid survey the Z$ rate to the US$ was calculated at Z$1650 to US$1. Working with households gives much lower estimates of losses, as is seen below in Tables 15 and 16. Table 15: Losses of earnings & property Loss of earnings Table 15 reports the actual figures N=823[69%] n=761[63%] Total reported Z$5,482,817,867.00 Z$23,463,846,404.00 obtained from present Average reported Z$6,661,990.12 Z$30,832,912.49 the survey. Extrapolating these figures to the larger survey conducted by ActionAid, 69% represents 16,223 households with lost earnings, whilst 63% represents 14,812 households with losses of property. Now as can be seen from Table 16, these figures are very similar to those previously reported by ActionAid. 24 Loss of property