driven unemployment statistics as misleading
and unreliable. An estimated 30 000 graduates
come from Zimbabwe’s 16 tertiary institutions
each year, and the job market is unable to absorb
these graduates. The reality is that most
Zimbabweans worked in the informal sector.
Corruption and Corruption-Fighting
Corruption was rife in the country. The
Zimbabwe Anti-Corruption Commission (ZACC)
did little to combat corruption. The Commission
was largely seen as a tool at the whims of
politicians. In general, any corruption-busting
appeared to be with a political agenda: only
known opponents of the political establishment
were seen being charged with corruption. In
February President Mnangagwa ordered a
mandatory declaration of assets by senior
officials. Arrests of senior government officials
followed; however, most were Mnangagwa's
political opponents or supporters of Grace
Mugabe's Generation 40 (G-40) faction. These
include former G40 Ministers Ignatious
Chombo, Makhosini Hlongwane, Jaison
Machaya and sacked ZANU-PF youth leader
Kudzai Chipanga. In May President Mnangagwa
created an anti-corruption body within the
Office of the President to carry out
investigations, bypassing the constitutionally
mandated ZACC. The Commission took up
cases that went nowhere. Of all the high-profile
cases involved senior politicians investigated by
ZACC, not a single case resulted in a conviction.
Several trials were yet to kick off by year end.
There were cases where ZACC did not act,
where everyone saw reasonable suspicion of
corruption.
Impact of Economy on Human Rights
According to the Zimbabwe Vulnerability
Assessment Committee, the number of food
insecure people increased by July 2018 among
28% of the rural population. Financial policy
reforms led to an acute foreign currency crisis
resulting in price hikes of commodities and
services. Local transport costs doubled in the
second half of the year. Pharmaceutical goods
were being sold in hard currency or in local
currency equivalent to the value of the hard
currency. This left people vulnerable. Further to
the high inflation rate, the government took an
initiative to demolish flea markets in city centres
like Harare and remove vendors and traders that
were operating unlawfully in towns. According
to the Women and Law in Southern Africa
(WILSA), price increases had an impact on family
and gender-based violence, and the hyper
inflationary environment predisposed women to
extreme poverty.11 On 1 October 2018, Finance
Minister Mthuli Ncube reviewed the
Intermediated Money Transfer Tax from 5 cents
per transaction to 2 cents per dollar and to also
forthwith suspended the Finance (Rate and
Incidence of Intermediated Money Transfer Tax)
Regulations published in SI 205-2018. This
raised concerns on the costs of transactions given
that this 2% tax on electronic transactions would
affect the poor, of which most transacted
through electronic platforms.
Financial policy reforms
led to an acute foreign currency
crisis resulting in price hikes of
commodities and services.
Selling cash (bond notes and coins) at a premium
to a citizen in need of cash
11. Women and Law in Southern Africa (WILSA) “The impact of price increases in Zimbabwe on family & GBV” Hilda Mahumucha,
14 May 2019. http://wlsazim.co.zw/the-impact-of-price-increase-in-zimbabwe-on-family-and-gbv/
20
STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ZIMBABWE 2018
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