Pushing for Change: Youth and Political Participation and social skills required for the 21st century economy and society. The creativity, innovation and unique vision of young people and their willingness to challenge the status quo make them ideally suited to play a leading role in responding to the challenges of globalisation and regional integration. CARICOM governments and all relevant partners are aiming to develop more evidence-based plans and policies to further youth development at national and regional levels to build vibrant societies and resilient economies. The youth must have an integral role in shaping those plans and policies given that it is their future at stake. Notes 1 Checkoway 2011. 31 Flanagan 2009. 2 Brodie et al. 2009. 32 Resnick and Casale 2014; Lall 2014. 3 Major models are fully explored in Karsten 2012. 33 Zhang and Lallana 2013; Henn and Foard 2014; see also Cammaerts et al. 2016; Harris, Wyn and Younes 2010. 4 Arnstein 1969. 5 Munroe 2002 and Bourne 2010. 6 Lamprianou 2013. 7 The definition of Article 12 of the CRC in the text box uses UNICEF [n.d.]. 34 Saha, Print and Edwards 2005. 35 Alm 2015. 36 Sika 2012; Lall 2014. 8 Gaventa 2004. 37 Resnick and Casale 2014; Zhang and Lallana 2013. 9 UNICEF 1989. 38 Furlong and Cartmel 2007. 10 Source: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 2007. 39 Rumi and Nauman 2013. 11 Nussbaum and Dixon 2012. 41 Vromen, Loader and Xenos 2015. 12 Lundy 2007. 42 Lewis 2015; see also Bang 2004. 13 Lansdown 2011. 43 Harris, Wyn and Younes 2010. 14 First conceptualised in World Development Report 2007 (World Bank 2007) and later extended in Youth Participation in Development (Youthpolicy.org 2010) by the UK’s Department for International Development. The model was most recently adopted by UNDP in Youth Strategy 2014–2017 (UNDP 2014). 44 Moon, Park and Whelan-Wuest 2016. 15 Carter 2015. 16 Sen 1985. 17 Badham and Wade 2010. 18 Brodie et al. 2009. 19 UN Security Council, Resolution 2250. 20 Cammaerts et al. 2016; Fieldhouse, Tranmer and Russell 2007. 21 Economist 2016c. 22 Rhodes 2016. 23 Resnick and Casale 2011. 24 Chang 2012. 25 Ibid. 26 Economist 2014b; Marsh, O’Toole and Jones 2007; see also Electoral Commission 2002. 40 Giddens 1991. 45 For details see Economist 2015; Economist 2016d; Economist 2016b; Economist 2014a. 46 Alm 2015. 47 Neilson 2010. 48 Economist 2006. 49 Baek 2010; Zhang 2015. 50 Collin 2015. 51 Saeed 2014. 52 Roy 2014. 53 Boulianne 2015; see also Xenos, Vromen and Loader 2014; Bode 2012. 54 Zhang and Lallana 2013. 55 Mason 2013. 56 Ang, Dinar and Lucas 2014. 57 David 2013. 58 Boulianne 2015. 59 Collin 2015. 27 Chang 2012. 60 Shearlaw 2015. 28 Moon, Park and Whelan-Wuest 2016. 61 Barassi 2009. 29 Marsh, O’Toole and Jones 2007. 62 World Bank 2016. 30 Cammaerts et al. 2016. 63 Economist 2016a. \ 83