Table 6. Affiliation of perpetrators of political violence. Perpetrator % of reports Zanu PF 48 MDC 2 Civic 1 ZRP 17 ZNA 8 CIO 13 Youth 19 Other 8 There has been great concern over the incidents and prevalence of gender-based political violence in the past few years, and, as stated previously, the NCA made a deliberate attempt to obtain reports of this. 47% of reports alleged that rape [10%], indecent assault [15%] and forced concubinage [32%] were taking place. In the past, this violence has been particularly associated with the presence of militia bases, where young women are allegedly forced to attend and provide domestic service for the men at these bases. It is in this context that sexual relations are often coerced, and hence the term “forced concubinage”. The reports of rape and indecent assault predominantly in the urban areas are particularly worrisome and women’s organisations have been urged to investigate these claims. Female members of both parties were victims of this but it happened to the MDC more frequently as shown below in Table 7. The perpetrators of gender based violence were alleged to be Zanu PF [36%], youth [22], the police [11%], CIO [9%], [7%] MDC [1%] and others [4%]. Table 7. Reports of gender-based violence. Victims % of reports. ZanuPF 11 MDC 22 Civics 6 Other 15 This did not only affect Zimbabweans, and, during the election period, a South African woman was indecently assaulted on public transport from Marondera by youths wearing ZanuPF regalia. She was in Zimbabwe as part of the KwaZuluNatal Council of Churches group at the invitation of the Zimbabwe Pastors Conference. 3 HATE SPEECH AND INTIMIDATION WERE REPORTED IN 75% OF CONSTITUENCIES, WITH ZANUPF BEING ALLEGEDLY RESPONSIBLE IN 55% OF REPORTS FOR HATE SPEECH AGAINST THE MDC, AND IN 21% OF REPORTS AGAINST OTHER GROUPS. THE MDC WAS THE INSTIGATOR OF HATE SPEECH AND INTIMIDATION AGAINST ZANU 3 Reported in the Independent Foreign Service 1 April 2005, and has been confirmed by affidavit. The Zimbabwe Republic Police are apparently investigating following charges being pressed by the victim. National Constitutional Assembly: THE 2005 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION. FLAWED, UNFREE AND UNFAIR!