The case of special voting or postal ballots has been a contentious grey area and a
historical note on it is worth elaborating on. In the March 2008 Zimbabwe harmonised
election, members of the security sector, who would be out of their constituencies on
election related duties on polling day, were allowed to cast a postal ballot in advance.
In 2008, some 4 350 members of the security sector apparently met the necessary
criteria and were granted postal votes. However, evidence emerged that this system was
abused, as members of the security sector were obliged to complete postal vote forms
under the watchful eye of their superiors. The system was thus changed under the
amended Electoral Act for 2013 to provide a “Special Vote” for sector members who
met the same criteria of absence from the constituency on account of duty. ZEC
received nearly 66 000 applications18 for Special Votes from the ZRP, and accepted 63
268,19 a number which appeared massively inflated against what the then Minister of
Finance, Tendai Biti claimed was an establishment on the payroll of 44 133. Allegations
were made that the number had been increased by the inclusion of spouses of members
and general hands employed at police stations20. The police spokesperson claimed that
the large figure was due to the inclusion of the Special Constabulary that would be on
duty during elections.
Interestingly in 2018 the high figures, which had raised eyebrows in previous elections
were brought. For instance, 7 464 people successfully applied for the postal vote and
these were members of the ZRP, the Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air Force of
Zimbabwe, Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials and electoral officials. Of these 6 177
were returned to ZEC on time for processing.
The postal vote almost led to a credibility crisis for the election because on the 12th of
July 2018 an uproar erupted among the opposition MDC Alliance, ZEC and the police
over the law enforcement officers’ ‘clandestine and illegal voting’ in Bulawayo amid
vote-rigging fears. Despite no agreement on the ballot papers and within one day of
Originally reported as being 69 222 - Special Vote Court Case Postponed as ZEC U-turns on Voters‟
Roll SW Radio 17.07.13. As quoted in RAU (2014). "Numbers out of Tune? An examination of the
vote in Harmonised July 2013 Election. "Full Report. Harare: RAU.
18
Joyce Kazembe, the Deputy Chair of ZEC, reportedly supplied the revised numbers – see ZEC Starts
Ballot Paper Distribution The Herald 24.07.13. As quoted in RAU (2014). "Numbers out of Tune? An
examination of the vote in Harmonised July 2013 Election. "Full Report. Harare: RAU.
19
20
Flawed Special Voting System The Zimbabwean 10.07.13. In RAU (2014). "Numbers out of Tune?
An examination of the vote in Harmonised July 2013 Election. "Full Report. Harare: RAU.
24
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