Country Case Studies reconciliation in the rest of Africa. Guilt in most conflicts where mass atrocities have been committed is attached to whole groups identified by their ethnicity or race. A penal system anchored on individual guilt and punishment is, by nature, out of sync with community perceptions of guilt, responsibility and fair outcome. There is a disconnection between the juridical outcome (e.g. imprisonment) and social relevance (reparations/healing, etc.). Most Africans are deeply spiritual, and issues of mass atrocities are processed by communities within the context of their belief systems. Forgiveness based on biblical principles or outright amnesty often falls short of the community expectation that great loss requires reparations as a necessary outflow of repentance. Memorialization characterized by the construction of statues and structures does not address memorialization in most African traditions, which involves bringing the souls of the dead to a place of rest in the homestead through specific rituals. International prosecutions such as those witnessed in Sierra Leone and Rwanda have not had the desired impact. They are too expensive and elitist in nature. They have attracted very little African media attention and little public participation. Traditional justice is grounded in how communities seek assistance to facilitate, account for and resolve conflicts arising from violations or abuses or in support of healing. They also play important roles related to conflict legacies that communities feel require redress. Traditional justice also provides support to community leaders to facilitate, acknowledge and resolve conflicts arising from violations or abuses or in support of healing processes. The ultimate goal of traditional justice systems in African communities is to seek assistance from the community leaders to facilitate, acknowledge (account for) and resolve (reconcile) conflicts arising from violations or abuses or in support of healing. The process creates a socio-cultural context that allows individuals and communities to refrain from violence and re-establish broken relationships. Particular procedures of traditional justice practices differ considerably, e.g. our recent research findings show that from the Acholi, Lango and Teso these practices do exist, and they include Tolu Koka (Madi), Kayo Cuk (Lango), Ailuc (Teso), Mato-oput and Gomo Tong (Acholi). The contextual reality of traditional justice in Uganda Traditional justice mechanisms from the Acholi, Lango and Teso sub-regions of greater northern Uganda differ considerably. However, five fundamental principles 60 International Conference on Transitional Justice, Zimbabwe