INSTITUTE FOR JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION OCCASIONAL PAPER NUMBER 19 Emily Amick, “Trying International Crimes on Local Lawns: The Adjudication of Genocide Sexual Violence Crimes in Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 20, 2 (2011), p.64. 87 Karen Brounéus, “The Women and Peace Hypothesis in Peace-building Settings: Attitudes of Women in the Wake of the Rwandan Genocide” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 40, 1, (2014) 88 This section is updated from a previous version in H Scanlon, “Irreconcilable Truths: Gender-based Violence and the Struggle to Build an Inclusive History” in C. Villa-Viccencio (ed.) Africa North and South: The Afro-Arab Spring and African Renaissance (UCT Press, 2015) 89 Gini coefficient is a ratio between zero and one. The closer to one the Gini coefficient is the greater the level of inequality in the country. See http://mg.co.za/article/2015-09-30-is-south-africa-the-most-unequalsociety-in-the-world 90 91 Parusha Naidoo, unpublished notes, 2016 Mahmood Mamdani, “Beyond Nuremburg: The Historical Significance of the Post-apartheid Transition in South Africa” Politics & Society 43, 1 (2015), p.78. 92 TRC Act, chapter 2, 3 (1) cited in Annelies Verdoolaege, “Dealing with a traumatic past: the victim hearings of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission and their reconciliation discourse” Critical Discourse Studies, 6,4, (2009) 93 Annelies Verdoolaege, “Dealing with a traumatic past: the victim hearings of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission and their reconciliation discourse” Critical Discourse Studies, 6,4, (2009) pp.297-309 94 Beth  Goldblatt  and Sheila  Meintjes, “Dealing with the Aftermath: Sexual Volence and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission,” Agenda 36 (1997), pp. 7-18 95 Mahmood Mamdani, “Beyond Nuremburg: The Historical Significance of the Post-apartheid Transition in South Africa” Politics and Society 43, 1 (2015), p.72. 96 In January 2016 Penny Sparrow, a white South African from Durban, described black beachgoers on New Years Eve as “monkeys” on her Facebook page. See http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/its-justthe-facts-penny-sparrow-breaks-her-silence-20160104 97 Andile Mngxitama, “Penny Sparrow: Racism’s Sacrificial Lamb” Mail and Guardian 8 January 2016 Available at http://mg.co.za/article/2016-01-07-penny-sparrow-racisms-sacrificial-lamb 98 Human Rights Watch, “South Africa: The State Response to Domestic Violence and Rape” Available at http://www.hrw.org/reports/1995/Safricawm-02.htm 99 “Message by President Nelson Mandela on Women’s Day”, 9 August 1995 Available at http://www. mandela.gov.za/mandela_speeches/1995/950809_womensday.htm 100 101 See http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm Shireen Hassim, “Democracy’s Shadows: Sexual Rights and Gender Politics in the Rape Trial of Jacob Zuma” African Studies 43 1 (2009), p.66. 102 103 Human Rights Watch, “South Africa: The State Response to Domestic Violence and Rape” Available at 19