constitutional government”.68 If convicted he could face up to 20 years in prison. After being refused bail on 18 January, he was granted bail on 29 January by the High Court. Mawarire has been outspoken about allegations of corruption, human rights violations and the declining economy. The Secretary General of the ZCTU, Japhet Moyo, was arrested on 21 January upon arrival at Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport and was charged with attempting to subvert a constitutional government. Moyo appeared in court on 23 January 2019 and was denied bail. He was eventually granted bail on 25 January, but was then held in custody again after police stated they were holding him on a new (unknown) charge. He was eventually released on 1 February. ZCTU leader, Peter Mutasa was finally arrested on 26 January after being in hiding since the crackdown started. His lawyer, Alec Muchadehama, confirmed his client handed himself to the police Central Investigation Division, Law and Order Division, and was charged and detained for allegedly subverting a constitutional government or inciting public violence. He was granted bail by the Harare High Court on 1 February but was only released on 2 February. On 18 January, leader of Amalgamated Rural Teachers Union of Zimbabwe (ARTUZ), Obert Masaraure, was abducted by unidentified armed men from his home in Harare, beaten and later handed over to the police. He was charged with subverting a constitutional government and denied bail. His hearing for 28 January was postponed after the state failed to file its papers. The Harare High Court eventually granted him bail on 31 January. The authorities threatened to arrest the Chairperson of the Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition (CiZC), Rashid Mahiya, for organizing meetings to coordinate the national stay-away action and sending a petition to the African Union (AU) on 16 January.69 The Petition called on the AU to intervene in the unfolding crisis in Zimbabwe. At the time of writing, Rashid is still in hiding and his whereabouts remain unknown. On 18 January, soldiers went to his house in Chitungwiza looking for him.70 They interrogated his mother about his whereabouts, before they briefly abducted her and forced her to reveal his location. They later took her to his younger brother’s house, Douglas Mahiya, where they suspected that Rashid would be hiding. At the time of their arrival, Mahiya was away. He later arrived in the company of his lawyer, Alec Muchadehama. The soldiers refused to speak to Muchadehama, saying that they did not want to see lawyers and assaulted Douglas in front of his mother and lawyer. Both Douglas and his mother were later released and sought medical treatment. Following this, on 23 January, state security agents raided Rashid Mahiya’s home and confiscated passports of his wife and kids (aged six years and seven months). It was also reported that Mahiya's sister spent most of 23 January detained at her house in Chitungwiza to coerce her to reveal whereabouts of Mahiya.71 Mahiya remains in hiding for fear of his life. The Executive Director of the ZADHR, Calvin Kobiri Fambirai, has also been harassed, intimidated and threatened with arrest and de-registration of his organization.72 ZADHR has been providing treatment to people who sustained injuries during the national stay-away. On 17 January, soldiers went to the residence of CiZC Youth Chairperson- Pride Mukono in Chitungwiza looking for him. He was not at home at the time of their arrival. They interrogated his landlord, Terence Mujuru, about his whereabouts and when he could not disclose his whereabouts, they assaulted Terence and the other tenants. Thabani Moyo, the Director of the Media Institute of Southern Africa and spokesperson of CiZC, was also forced to leave the country after he got information that state security agents were looking for him. CiZC had issued a number of public statements with his contact details, making him an easy target for the police.73 Section 22(2) of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act provides that anyone who urges or advocates any group of people with a view to that group overthrowing or attempting to overthrow a constitutional government shall be guilty of subverting a constitutional government and liable to 20 years imprisonment 69 Civil Society Petitions AU Over Zimbabwe Crisis, 17 January 2019 - https://allafrica.com/stories/201901170563.html 70 Interview with eye witness 25 January 2019, identity withheld for security reasons 71 Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum Report, 24 January 2019 published by All Africa https://allafrica.com/stories/201901250136.html 72 Interview with Calvin Fambirai 21 January 2019 73 Interview with Thabani Moyo, 21 January 2019 68 ‘OPEN FOR BUSINESS, CLOSED FOR DISSENT’ CRACKDOWN IN ZIMBABWE DURING THE NATIONAL STAY-AWAY, 14-16 JANUARY 2019 Amnesty International 16