7 Figure 3 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 press cases U nl aw fu l ar r Ar so es A n t & ss d au Pr D ete lt op ea nt er th ion ty t h de rea st ru ts Po K c lit i dn tion ic al ap in pi n tim g id at io R n ap D Mu e is pl rde ac r em en Se To t xu rtu re al ab us e Percentage of total Comparison of press and case reports, Violations, 2000 to 2006 Violation *13 So, the comparison of the press domain data and the cases shows a mixed effect. There is strong agreement over the violations, moderate agreement over the geographical distribution, but no agreement over the temporal distribution. This may well explain the lack of agreement between the two data sets in respect of the temporal frequency of reports, but the agreement in other areas suggests that there is reasonable validity for the case reports. The evidence Rape and Sexual Violence The 2004 Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment noted that: "Torture of women frequently includes sexual violence with a view to humiliating and degrading the victim. Besides the physical and psychological damage caused by the torture, sexual abuse has additional consequences for women, such as the risk of being infected with sexually transmitted diseases and of pregnancy, miscarriage, forced abortion or sterilization. In a large number of socio-cultural contexts, rape and sexual abuse continue to entail the stigmatization and ostracism of the victim upon her return to her community and family. The social stigma attached to rape in most societies often leads to the rejection of the victim by her male relatives." Gender-based violence against women is more acute where, as in Zimbabwe, traditionalist patriarchal values persist. This is not only due to a value system which treats women as being in 13 There is a very strong rank order correlation for violations [0.95; p=0.01]. “A Woman’s Place is in the Home ?” – Gender Based Violence and Opposition Politics in Zimbabwe.