5 For example, about 40 000 individuals were "disappeared" in Argentina during the rule of the military junta in the 1970's. It is also a strategy used in Zimbabwe, both during the Liberation War and the Matabeleland emergency of the 1980's. In Africa, disappearances may have even more profound effects. Since death and misfortune are always events of extreme concern for the entire extended family, a disappearance that may or may not be a death creates a wide range of problems. African families are compelled by spiritual belief to undertake proper rituals for the burial of the dead, and anything that prevents this happening can leave the family with the expectation of future misfortune. For example, it was frequently observed in the refugee setting that many Mozambican refugees were preoccupied with worries about not having properly buried their dead when they fled into exile. It has also been observed in Zimbabwe that many families were deeply distressed by the non-return of family members from the Liberation War: large numbers of young men and women left home to join the guerrillas in Mozambique, and large numbers never returned. The families have no information about the end of the people, and some have even engaged in lengthy searches to find out what happened, to find where they were buried if they died [Mupinda.1996]. 3. Findings from the Liberation War In order to determine the prevalence of disorders due to torture in the Liberation War, the AMANI Trust carried out a number of studies in the 1990s. The initial work carried out by the AMANI Trust indicated that Common Mental Disorders as well as disorders due to organised violence and torture were common in Mount Darwin District [AMANI.1995], but this work suffered from the flaw that all the data was collected form hospital outpatient attendees who may be a very select group of patients. It was thus decided to conduct a series of point prevalence studies based on prescriptive screening of random primary care patients, and to sample as many of the existing health care facilities in the District. The first study was carried out in 1997, and has been briefly reported elsewhere [AMANI.1997]. A second study was carried out in early 1998 in a neighbouring District - Muzarabani District - and this provided a comparison for Mount Darwin. There were some differences found in the prevalence rates for disorders due to organised violence and torture [OVT]. As can be seen from Figure 1 below, these differences were marked. OVT was greater in Muzarabani than in Mount Darwin, both as a percentage of total morbidity and of overall psychological morbidity. Figure 1 Prevalence of disorders due to torture & organised violence in Mashonaland Central Province. 70% 60% 50% 40% Violence as % of total morbidity 30% Violence as % of psychological morbity 20% 10% 0% Mt Darw in Muzarabani Total AMANI TRUST: Beating your opposition. Torture during the 2002 Presidential campaign in Zimbabwe.