those of political refugees.6 It will be years yet before there are changes to international
refugee instruments and/or national statutes and policies that will translate into greater
safety and access to services for hundreds of thousands of undocumented migrants in South
Africa and elsewhere across the world. These are mostly desperately poor people, who are
forced to be on the move for a variety of reasons, including political persecution and
humanitarian disasters. They face great risks and exploitation. It is also true that migrants are
often recognized as being more inclined to work hard, and are often better skilled, whether
through education or experience, than the poorest people in their host nations.7 South Africa
owes its current wealth partly to migrant labour over many decades.8
Most Zimbabweans in South Africa lead desperate lives. Even though documentation is now
easier, it is ad hoc and inappropriate and a partial, temporary solution. Where to live is a
perpetual challenge, as is the misery of having to move from one place to another, in fear of
eviction, chasing seasonal employment, in the face of xenophobia, which is often life and
livelihood threatening.
Photo 2: Going nowhere? Stairwell of ‘China City’, home to hundreds
of Zimbabweans in central Johannesburg
6 Forced Migration Studies Programme (FMSP), WITS, “Zimbabwean migration into Southern Africa: new trends
and responses”, November 2009.
7 CDE, Immigrants in Johannesburg: Estimating Numbers and Assessing Impacts, CDE in Depth no 9, August 2008
8 Mayor Amos Masondo, Key note address on the occasion of the International Migration Workshop, Constitution
Hill, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 13 Aug 2008
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