Memorials seek to preserve memories of people or events. In the context of transitional justice, they serve to honour those who died during conflict or other atrocities, to examine the past, to address contemporary issues, and to show respect to victims. They can help create records to prevent denial and help societies move forward. Memorials may include commemoration in the form of, for instance, architectural memorials, museums and commemorative events. One example includes the monuments, annual prayer ceremony and mass grave in northern Uganda created in response to the war conducted by and against the Lord’s Resistance Army there. Memorialisation can arouse controversy and present certain risks. In unstable political situations, memorials may increase the desire for revenge and catalyse further violence. They are highly politicised processes that represent the will of those in power. They are thus difficult to shape, and international relief workers, peacekeepers and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) risk being drawn into disputes about the creation or maintenance of memorial sites. Yet, they also have the potential to redress historical grievances and enable societies to progress (see Modules 1 & 2). REFERENCES Literature Carver, R. (1993). Zimbabwe: Drawing a line through the past. Journal of African Law, Vol 37, No.1, 69-81 Dassin, J. (1986). Introduction to the English Language Edition. In Torture in Brazil: A report [English Translation of Brasil: Nunca Mais] New York: Vintage Books, xii Guatemala Catholic Church (1998). Guatemala: Nunca Mas (Guatemala: Never Again). Report of the Recovery of History Memory Project (REMHI) Hayner, P.B. (1994). Fifteen Truth Commissions – 1974 to 1994: A comparative study. Human Rights Quarterly, 16 (4), 597-655 Further reading Govier, T., & Verwoerd, W. (2002). Trust and the problem of national reconciliation. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 32(2), 178–205. Lederach, J. P. (2002). Building peace: Sustainable reconciliation in divided societies. Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace Press. Murphy, C. (2010). Political reconciliation and international criminal trials. In L. May & Z. Hoskins (eds.), International criminal law and philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press. Patterson, D., & Roth, J. K. (Eds.). (2006). After words: Post holocaust struggles with forgiveness, reconciliation, justice. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Philpott, D. (Ed). (2007). The politics of past evil: Religion, reconciliation and the dilemmas of transitional justice. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. Websites Institute for Justice and Reconciliation: www.ijr.org.za International Centre for Transitional Justice: www.ictj.org Module 6: Community healing through reconciliation and transitional justice 103 6