CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE ACT
199 Refusal of accused giving evidence or being questioned to answer
question without just cause may be used as evidence against him
(1) If an accused who gives evidence or is questioned in terms of subsection (7), (8) or (9),
as the case may be, of section one hundred and ninety-eight refuses to answer any question, he
shall be asked to give his reasons for so refusing and, if he persists in his refusal, the court, in
determining whether the accused is guilty of the offence charged or any other offence of which
he may be convicted on that charge, may, unless satisfied that he had just cause for so persisting, draw such inferences from the refusal as appear proper and the refusal may, on the basis
of such inferences, be treated as evidence corroborating any other evidence given against the
accused.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), an accused who refuses to answer any question shall
be deemed to do so without just cause—
(a) in the case of an accused giving evidence in terms of subsection (8) of section one
hundred and ninety-eight, unless he is entitled in terms of this Act to refuse to answer
the question on the ground of privilege;
(b) in the case of an accused who is questioned in terms of subsection (9) of section one
hundred and ninety-eight, unless he would be entitled in terms of this Act to refuse to
answer the question on the ground of privilege if he were giving evidence on his own
behalf.
200 Summing up
After all the evidence has been adduced, the prosecutor shall be entitled to address the court,
summing up the whole case, and the accused, or each of the accused if more than one, shall be
entitled by himself or his legal representative to address the court and if, in his address, the
accused or his legal representative raises any matter of law, the prosecutor shall be entitled to
reply, but only on the matter of law so raised.
201 Validity of verdict
(1) No verdict or judgment or other proceedings whatever of a court in a criminal case shall
be invalid by reason of its happening on a Sunday.
(2) When by mistake a wrong judgment or sentence is delivered, the court may, before or
immediately after it is recorded, amend the judgment or sentence, and it shall stand as ultimately amended.
202 Certain discrepancies between indictment and evidence may be corrected
(1) When on the trial of any indictment, summons or charge there appears to be any variance
between the statement therein and the evidence offered in proof of such statement, or if it
appears that any words or particulars that ought to have been inserted in the indictment, summons or charge have been omitted, or that any words or particulars that ought to have been
omitted have been inserted, or that there is any other error in the indictment, summons or
charge, the court may at any time before judgment, if it considers that the making of the necessary amendment in the indictment, summons or charge will not prejudice the accused in his
defence, order that the indictment, summons or charge, whether or not it discloses an offence,
be amended, so far as is necessary, by some officer of the court or other person, both in that
part thereof where the variance, omission, insertion or error occurs and in every other part
thereof which it may become necessary to amend.
(2) The amendment may be made on such terms, if any, as to postponing the trial as the
court thinks reasonable and the indictment, summons or charge shall thereupon be amended in
accordance with the order of the court, and after any such amendment the trial shall proceed at
the appointed time upon the amended indictment, summons or charge in the same manner and
with the same consequences in all respects as if it had been originally in its amended form.
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