Figure 8: Political Trust
56
60
50
40
43
38
2527
30
20
34
17
25
21
34
31
2425
14
12
36
32
29
27 26
26 27
23
19
2012
10
2014
0
2017
By 2017, there is increasing trust in the ruling party, the police, the army and the president.
There is also decreasing trust in parliament, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC), and
the courts. Overall, these women respondents do not report very high levels of political trust
in any of the years. It is very interesting in the light of the recent military deposing of the
president to look at the contrast between trust in the president and trust in the army.
Elsewhere we found that political trust overall was much stronger for rural women (RAU &
MPOI.2017), and this included both the president and the army. Is this then a contradictory
finding: that people trust both the president and the army, but still take to the streets in their
tens of thousands in November 2017 to push for the removal of the president? Or was this a
specific urban phenomenon, where urban people wished for the president to go, and
demonstrated not because they trust the army, but because the army explicitly allowed the
demonstration as we have speculated elsewhere (RAU & MPOI. 2018).
Conclusions
Against the finding that social capital increases public and political participation, and the
finding that this was predominantly a feature of rural women (RAU. 2018), we were
interested to see whether there were changes over time and against the turbulence in the
political economy of Zimbabwe over the past five years.
As regards social capital itself, there were big increases in trust and feeling safe between
2014 and 2017, a decrease in belonging to community, and other measures changed very
little. Most (apart from feeling safe) are minority positions: overall, in 2017, most women
(81%) are careful what they say in public, few (89%) belong to a community organisation,
and equally few (77%) join others to raise an issue. The changes over the five years in the
social capital index were significant, but difficult to understand at face value. It is difficult to
understand why social capital should increase in 2017 against the background of increasing
economic hardship and political faction fighting: we might rather have expected the
continuous downward trend from 2012.
12