Table 15: Post transition justice mechanisms Amnesty Truth Commission Domestic Criminal Prosecutions Civil Trials Foreign criminal prosecutions Reparations Vettings Customary justice As seen in Table 16, there were a number of significant differences in the frequency of pre and posttransitional justice mechanisms. Countries that are Free and Not Free both show marked increases in the frequency of transitional justice mechanisms, but interestingly not for countries rated as Partly Free.13 Free 77% 47% 88% 12% 29% 24% 35% 12% Partly Free 73% 27% 91% 9% 9% 27% 36% 0 Not Free 74% 29% 90% 13% 16% 23% 32% 9.5% Table 16: Comparison of pre and post-transition justice mechanisms Pre Post (mean; S.Dev) (Mean; S.dev) Free 1.59 (0.62) 3.24 (1.35)* Partly Free 2.64 (0.95) 2.73 (3.04) Not Free 1.71 (0.85) 2.84 (1.39)* This seems contradictory on face value, but perhaps is due to the fact that most Not Free countries (48%) were former military regimes and amnesties were the dominant mechanism seen. 4.4 The effects of regime type on transition There was another possible factor to consider in understanding the influence of transitional justice on later transition and possible movement into democracy from authoritarian rule, and this was the type of regime that preceded transition. Here two broad classifications seemed relevant: authoritarian regimes that were institutional as opposed to those that were individual, and also regimes that were civilian as opposed to those that were military. Both these comparisons were undertaken. The countries that emerged from civil war – Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea-Bissau – were excluded from this analysis, leaving a total of 56 countries. 4.4.1 Civilian versus Military Authoritarian regimes Overall, there were few differences between the two types of regimes. Those that were governed by one or other Civilian regimes were significantly more likely to lead to a statecreated transition,14 but otherwise both forms showed a near-equal spread of the other forms of transition. 13 14 Pre vs. Post-Transitional Mechanisms: Free; 1.59 vs. 3.24 (p=0.0001); Not Free; 1,71 vs. 2.84 (p=0.01) Civilian vs. Military regimes: State-creation; χ² 4.71 (p=0.05) 20