38 Election dispute resolution mechanisms far back as 2011, with MDC-T failing to conduct a rally at Chibuku stadium in Chitungwiza on 6 November 2011.24 Citizens have had to deal with political turmoil in their lives such as barbaric acts of their neighbours who totally refuse to accept divergence of political opinion and undermine their security. Politically motivated violence has continued25 despite the fact that political party leaders have on many occasions called for tolerance, and urged police to become effective when it comes to violence.26 Acts of intimidation have also continued to be experienced. It was reported that people were being forced to register to vote by political parties and ZANU PF was singled out as the culprit.27 ZANU PF youths were also accused of forcing people to buy party cards and provide them with their voter registration slips.28 The Organ on National Healing and Reconciliation has, during its life, failed to address political violence issues. The Joint Operations Monitoring and Implementation Committee (JOMIC) established through the GPA has intervened to quell some interparty clashes as it was tasked to monitor the implementation of the GPA. It was composed of representative of the three main political parties, the MDCs and ZANU PF until the former pulled out citing abuse of vehicles as elections approached.29 The courts have also dealt with cases of politically motivated violence at different levels. Some of the cases are discussed in Chapter 5. The supposed vanguards of culture Chiefs - have also been implicated in political violence cases and accused of being politically biased. In one case Chief Serima-Vengesayi Rushwaya was arrested for assaulting an MDC supporter and paid an admission of guilt fine to secure his release.30 Chiefs and traditional leaders are now required to be apolitical in terms of the new Constitution.31 The police are mandated to maintain law and order by the Constitution and have been on record calling for non-violence during the elections. The Co-Minister of Home Affairs from the MDC-T has urged voters to desist from violence.32 However security sector players such as the police, the military and intelligence services have been accused of being biased in favour of ZANU PF.33 This has not been assisted by their continuing threats to refuse to recognise a leader who did not participate in the war of liberation, and their public utterances ridiculing and attacking Prime Minister Tsvangirai. The 24 L Gumbo et al “Violence rocks Chitungwiza” The Herald (7 November 2011) p 1. 25 The latest incident that was going to be explosive were the clashes between ZANU PF and MDC T supporters in Kuwadzana on 26 July 2013 see picture insert in Newsday (27 July 2013) p 1. 26 In particular at a meeting held in 2011, On 11 November the President indicated that they had received reports that the police were not being effective when dealing with violence see L Chikova “Violence: parties take action” The Herald (12 November 2011) p 1. 27 F Kwaramba Do not force people to register to vote-ZEC Daily News (6 June 2013) p 3. 28 Note 29 above. 29 W Masvingise et al “Mugabe recalls JOMIC vehicles” Newsday (27 July 2013) p3. 30 “Violent chief fined” Newsday (23 March 2013) p 2. 31 Section 281(2)(a) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No 20). 32 “Desist from violence vote peacefully” The Herald (17 July 2013) p 2. 33 “Security forces biased towards ZANU PF” The Standard (30 June 2013) p 5.