Most of the sample reported incidents of political persecution during the 1970's, and this corresponds
with the history as recorded by human right organisations at the time. As can be seen from Table 3
earlier, many reported harassement, detentions, torture and deaths of members of their families. For
example, one man, who was severely tortured by Rhodesian security forces, reported the detention and
imprisonment of his nephew, and the disappearance of two of his brothers, and the ill-treatment and
torture of several other members of his family.
The data obtained on the victims' own experience of torture again corroborates the findings of the
human rights organisations. As can be seen from Table 4, most of the sample were subjected to physical
assaults and psychological torture. Deprivation was much less common, as was sensory overstimulation.
However, it is pertinent to note that the stories provided by these survivors suggests that the torture
was done by various different groups, and at least two survivors were tortured by special interrogation
teams from the Special Branch of the British South African Police.
In fact, our data suggests the operation of organised torture teams in Mount Darwin much earlier than
1973. Our findings suggest that, in at least one case, the teams were in operation within weeks of the
first ZANLA offensive.
The detailed breakdown of the kinds of torture is not provided, but it is clear that many different
techniques were used, including the widespread use of electrical torture, submarino, suspensions, and,
above all beatings. Beatings were the standard method of the guerillas, and it is evident that the use of
other forms was mainly confined to the Rhodesian security forces. There were differences in the sample
according to the reason for their detention and torture, and it is clear that captured guerillas were
earmarked for special treatment by the Special Branch, and these received more specialised torture,
including sensory overstimulation.
A very high proportion of the sample witnessed both toture and executions, and a significant proportion
of those tortured had this witnessed by members of their own families. This corroborates the view of the
Justice and Peace Commission that there was a sustained campaign of terror aimed at the civilian