A Zimbabwean Citizen reading the draft Constitution, 2013. Source: The Economist Since the 2013 elections the country’s political position has continued to deteriorate because of escalating intraparty violence. Both the ruling party and the opposition parties are characterised by factionalism and internal policy discord. The opposition MDC-T split in 2014 following their defeat in the 2013 elections resulted in the formation of the Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) led by Tendai Biti. PDP further fractured when Elton Mangoma setup a splinter party called the Renewal Democrats of Zimbabwe (RDZ). ZANU PF, on the other hand, is also in a bitter factional fight between the alleged Group of 40 (G40) and the Team Lacoste. G40 is led by the party’s National Political Commissar Saviour Kasukuwere and Jonathan Moyo, the Tsholotsho North Member of Parliament. The ZANU PF conflict escalated in November 2017 leading the relegation of Vice President Emerson Mnangagwa from the Presidium and subsequent expulsion from the party. Mnangagwa’s expulsion drew the Zimbabwe Defence Forces to speak in his defence, while issuing threats that would compromise national security and stability. ZANU PF factionalism is aided by hate speech, thus promoting political intolerance and violence. Economically, Zimbabwe is plagued by factors ranging from alarming corruption levels, high unemployment rates and poor economic policy planning. The government is grappling with redeeming the economy from alarming unemployment levels, trade deficit, liquidity crisis, cash shortages, dwindling foreign direct investment and domestic production. Citizens are spending long hours queuing for cash in banks, a situation akin to the 2008 hyperinflationary crisis. The introduction of bond notes in 2016 created anxiety and despondency as citizens fear the return of hyperinflation experienced in 2008.