9 it should also be pointed out that, despite the higher frequencies of violations reported by men, the women did also report very high frequencies of violations other than rape and indecent assault, as can be seen in Table 6 below. Beatings Unlawful arrest/detention Threats Sensory over-stimulation Harassment Victim of Murambatsvinaa Psychological torture Witnessing violation Electrical shock Falanga Burnings Rape Indecent assault Table 6 Female 63% 17% 76% 41% 67% 15% 78% 70% 2% 4% 8% 15%* 8%** *p=0.005; **p=0.025 Male 83%* 36%* 90%* 60%* 65% 10% 90% 87%* 18%* 11%** 9% 1% 3% Thus, it is evident that differences exist between women and men, but it is also evident that some of these, especially in respect of the violations experienced, are simply quantitative. The qualitative differences, on employment, are what would be expected from a Zimbabwean sample. Single versus Multiple incidents Above it was noted that men were more likely to report multiple violations, but it was also noted that nearly half the female sample also reported multiple violations. Hence, an analysis was done to determine whether there were any factors that might explain the differences in the female sample only. A contrast between women that reported multiple incidents as compared with those who only had a single incident was done. No strong differences in the timing of their seeking refuge were found between the 2 groups, except a trend for more women from the multiple incident group to arrive in South African in 2006. Again there were no real differences between the two sub-groups in age, marital status or employment status, and there were no differences in the reported rates of being activists or members of the MDC. However, those who reported multiple incidents were significantly more likely to report having experienced their violations at the hands of Zanu(PF) Youth or the ZRP[see Table 7 below]. Table 7 Single incident Zanu(PF) Zanu(PF) Youth Militia Army Police War veterans Youth militia CIO MDC Unknown 48% 12% 12% 5% 10% 17% 0 5% 0 10% *p=0.05; **p=0.01 Multiple incidents 58% 36%** 9% 7% 24%* 15% 5% 7% 0 5%