the previous RAU study in Goromonzi (RAU.2014), and the participants were asked to comment
on each story in turn with two focused questions: “what was happening in this story?”, and “was
this common in your community?”
The individual interviews ranged in duration from 30 minutes to an hour, whilst the FGDs took
around three hours.
All interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded, as well as noted being taken, and then
transcribed in Shona and later translated into English. The transcripts were analysed through
Nvivo, a qualitative data analysis was used as a tool to conduct the analysis.
The Nvivo analysis was done by the RAU staff as team, with the support of two other
researchers, highly experienced in both qualitative research and the use of Nvivo. The analysis
revealed 13 key variables (see Appendix 2), which were all linked to specific analytical
questions. In addition, 21 “attributes” were derived for the analysis, these key demographic
features providing the basis for both understanding marriage as a whole as well as the basis for
various cross-tabulations and comparisons. The “attributes” are summarized as follows:
Age: current age; age when married; husband’s age when married
Length of marriage: year of marriage
Child marriage: married under 18 years
Current marital status: married; separated; widowed
Number of marriages
Place of residence: rural; urban; per-urban; combinations of these
Employment: informal sector; housewife; farming; employed; none
Education: primary school; secondary school; did not finish school; none
Religion BEFORE marriage: formal Christian; alternative Christian; Apostolic;
none
Religion AFTER marriage: formal Christian; alternative Christian; Apostolic; none
Family of origin: size of family; birth order in family; number of children
Type of marriage: UCLU; Eloped; Chapter 5 marriage; Co-habiting
Current mental health: SRQ-8 score; suicidal ideation
Some of these “attributes” deserve some brief comment. The husband’s age at marriage was
deemed important as previous research had suggested that there were cases where young girls
were married off to older men to relieve family pressure or to conform to religious practices.
This is linked to several other attributes; level of education (early marriage results in girls
leaving school), and religion, both before and after marriage. These latter were included to
examine the possible effects of apostolic religious practices, and to determine whether there
might be voluntarism amongst women in joining an apostolic church as opposed to being
brought up in such a religion, marrying within that religion (whether early or not), and remaining
in the religion. Finally, the questions about the family of origin were included to examine
whether large families (and economic pressures) are contributory factors in girls being forced
into or choosing early marriage.
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