Political setting
The nuanced and sometimes seemingly conflicted political and socio‐economic orientations that emerge
from the FH 2012 survey need to be positioned in the political context that elicited idealism and
optimism, yet that clashed frequently with disappointment and compromises. By current political
indications political stalemates and compromises may be continuing. Hope for far‐reaching change may
yetagain have to be moderated, as Zimbabweans perhaps come to terms with the fact that they may
very well already ‘be living their political future’ in the conditions in Zimbabwe in the second half of
2012. The hope that a new constitution, a referendum and another set of elections will bring the relative
utopia may be just another landmark rather than a bench mark for a substantially different future.
When the MDC‐T entered into the Inclusive Government (IG) members in its higher realms told public
audiences that they were now in the river with the crocodiles so they had better be careful. In the
months before they finally sealed Global Political Agreement’s (GPA) pact – signed in September 2008
and finally initiated in February 2009 – there was much discussion about whether or not the MDC‐T
should accept the deal, even though the party had signed. Up until mid‐January 2009 many foreign
observers and supporters expressed surprise that the MDC‐T would enter into the GPA formula. But
almost inevitably – with or without rumours of extreme pressure from a South Africa dominated SADC –
the MDC‐T joined the ZANU‐PF in the ‘inclusive government’ on 12 February 2009. One of the first steps
was the expansion of the cabinet to cater to ZANU‐PF insiders’ demands. Cabinet portfolios were split
between the parties, and ZANU‐PF retained the strategic and security related pickings.
Some believed that if the MDC‐T could get Zimbabwe’s economy working again, it could take credit and
move into a new election – promised by the GPA in at least five years, after a new (publicly debated)
constitution had been ratified by referendum and procedures for free and fair elections were
guaranteed. ZANU‐PF regained opportunity when diamonds were discovered and could easily be
controlled by the party‐state. In spite of isolating the Reserve Bank and its governor, Gideon Gono, the
new Minister of Finance, the MDC‐T’s Tendai Biti, could not capture diamond revenue for broadly based
use in the state. The MDC‐T was denied the means to make a state work.In addition, the Kimberley
Process did not have a means for making states responsible for ‘blood diamonds’. TheMinistry of Mines
hencebecame the de facto Treasury, managed by ZANU‐PF’s minister of mines, Obert Mpofu.
Sanctions meant that World Bank proposals to rebuild the sanitation system could not work: no credit,
then, to the Finance Minister. ‘Humanitarian plus’ from the donors mean some elements of creaking
infrastructure get mended and a modicum of welfare services such as health continues, but it is a band‐
aid operation and Zimbabweans are unclear in their own minds as to which party should be credited
with the change.
The middle‐classes, working the margins in the private sector, can afford private health care and so on.
They can also buy goods in the well‐stocked shelves of suburban food retailers. The rural poor, however,
have little access to American dollars (‘foreign‘ currency that had become the only currency) so resort
often to barter. Still, in comparison to recent memory material life is better.
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